[ { "con": "Ahtna", "con_id": "CON Ahtna 001", "lines": [ [ 67088, 65173, 62757, 59592, 53905, 53754, 57828, 59592 ], [ 53905, 56044, 61088, 72380, 74868, 83638, 85410, 87561 ], [ 53754, 54380, 55055, 118742, 57459, 54718 ], [ 57459, 54712 ], [ 8867, 17842, 22730, 23467, 29987, 28287 ], [ 6672, 8867, 4417 ], [ 28287, 33362, 41586, 46600, 53905 ], [ 53754, 51312, 46720, 44000, 44343, 40959, 46014, 46617, 49528, 47373 ], [ 40411, 42990, 43689, 43939, 47373, 49496, 51475, 55269, 57584 ], [ 54380, 50655, 45728, 40959 ], [ 24549, 28288, 28287 ], [ 37718, 36744, 40959 ], [ 28288, 17661, 36744 ], [ 25364, 25364 ], [ 22961, 22961 ], [ 39734, 39734 ], [ 28288, 36744 ] ], "certainty": "Most stars are identified, and a pictograph is drawn in the source [cannon2021northerndene]. The line figure here follows the star path of each body part listed, connecting them. His kidney is an unidentified star near the cup of the Big Dipper (not included here). His right hand is 'two unidentified stars in Cassiopeia': the two closest stars are added here. The eyes (bet Tau, iot Aur) and heart (27 Lyn) are unconnected. It is not clear whether the abdomen should be delineated from the head with a neckline (bet Aur, alf Gem); that line is drawn here.", "description": "This is a meta-, whole-sky constellation; the individual body parts are explicitly separated in a table as asterisms. In local tradition, Nek’eltaeni was the first being to appear among the stars. Before going to the sky, he was the culture hero and Traveler figure known as Yabaaghe Tezyaann ('the one who went around the edge of the world') (and other similar names in Ahtna dialects), who transformed an archaic animal people into the present-day distinct animal species, and established peace and order on earth. He uses medicine power and is a model of compassion. Nek’eltaeni is a large man-animal or therianthrope figure composed of at least 18 asterisms named using body part terms. He wears a backpack (native: ughaele') and holds a walking stick/weapon/medicine staff (native: utets) in his left hand. The Milky Way is his trail (native: utene). His representation as a therianthrope or shapeshifter recalls ancient time when humans and animals were one.", "semantics": [ "humanoid" ] }, { "con": "Ahtna", "con_id": "CON Ahtna 002", "lines": [ [ 26662, 26246, 25865 ] ], "certainty": "Certain.", "description": "Orion's belt. The stars were used for timing seasonal hunting activities.", "semantics": [ "group" ] }, { "con": "Anuta", "con_id": "CON Anuta 001", "lines": [ [ 112263, 111768, 110650, 108765, 107742 ] ], "certainty": "Identified as part of Grus, but (based on the shape) doesn't use the brightest star alf Gru. No star is named. A subset of five stars are drawn in the source, taken here to be the brightest five besides alf Gru.", "description": "Bamboo is used to make fishing poles, sailing masts, yards, booms, and outrigger supports.", "semantics": [ "plant" ] }, { "con": "Anuta", "con_id": "CON Anuta 002", "lines": [ [ 25865, 26246, 26662 ] ], "certainty": "Certain. Identified as Orion's belt.", "description": null, "semantics": [ "landscape" ] }, { "con": "Anuta", "con_id": "CON Anuta 003", "lines": [ [ 37173, 32263, 30365, 32521 ] ], "certainty": "Only the first 3 stars are identified.", "description": "The dominant constellation for Anutans. It can be seen in all seasons and has practical navigational utility. From one wing tip to the other, it stretches across a quarter of the sky. Birds have symbolic prominence. Canoes are likened to birds, the sky is dominated by the Bird, and also the voyagers are metaphorically depicted as birds in poetry and song. In keeping with the theme of voyaging and navigation, the bird has a masculine identity, is an instigator of activity, with the freedom to move at will.", "semantics": [ "bird" ] }, { "con": "Anuta", "con_id": "CON Anuta 004", "lines": [ [ 21368, 20833, 20661, 20155, 20405, 20597, 20837 ] ], "certainty": "The source draws a V shape and identifies this as Taurus' forehead, but names only the brightest star, alf Tau (Aldebaran). The minor stars are chosen here to follow the V shape.", "description": "Used for moving hot stones, coals, and food in an oven.", "semantics": [ "man-made object" ] }, { "con": "Anuta", "con_id": "CON Anuta 005", "lines": [ [ 8884, 9861, 13176 ] ], "certainty": "Identified as part of Aries (three stars are drawn, but none is named). Aries has four stars in a line, so one other choice is possible but is much smaller in spatial diameter.", "description": null, "semantics": [ "body part" ] }, { "con": "Anuta", "con_id": "CON Anuta 006", "lines": [ [ 107011, 108830, 113521, 113603 ] ], "certainty": "The source marks this as Pegasus's chest and front legs, but only the chest is unambiguous.", "description": null, "semantics": [ "abstract" ] }, { "con": "Anuta", "con_id": "CON Anuta 007", "lines": [ [ 101095, 101442, 101629, 102201, 101950, 101629 ] ], "certainty": "The source marks these stars as Delphinus and draws the lines to look like an ax. These lines follow the drawing in the source.", "description": "Used for cutting canoes and building houses.", "semantics": [ "man-made object" ] }, { "con": "Anuta", "con_id": "CON Anuta 008", "lines": [ [ 96970, 97338, 97725 ] ], "certainty": "The source identifies the middle star with alf Aql (Altair) but isn't completely sure. The other two stars are smaller and not identified.", "description": "Used to carry taro, coconuts, or other food.", "semantics": [ "man-made object" ] }, { "con": "Anuta", "con_id": "CON Anuta 009", "lines": [ [ 88361, 90217, 92564, 93846 ], [ 95566, 92564, 89906, 88361 ] ], "certainty": "Low certainty. The source identifies the region as Sagittarius, but isn't sure. No star is precisely identified, and the drawing is simplistic.", "description": null, "semantics": [ "fish" ] }, { "con": "Anuta", "con_id": "CON Anuta 010", "lines": [ [ 81020, 80519, 79870, 78165, 78580, 80232, 78165 ], [ 79870, 78029, 77868, 79639, 78029 ] ], "certainty": "A 3-star stem whose middle is marked alf Sco (Antares), and two 3-star leaves. No other star is precisely identified. The bottom star of both leaves is questionable.", "description": null, "semantics": [ "plant" ] }, { "con": "Anuta", "con_id": "CON Anuta 011", "lines": [ [ 71456, 68483, 62239, 60893, 59565, 60530, 62239 ] ], "certainty": "Certain. The net itself (a quadrangle) is identified as The Southern Cross, and the two large stars of the handle are identified (alf Cen, bet Cen). The latter two are also named The Net's Handle, or The Double Man.", "description": null, "semantics": [ "man-made object" ] }, { "con": "Ava Guarani", "con_id": "CON Ava Guarani 003", "lines": [ [ 75895, 75466, 76035, 76716, 77276, 77923, 78256, 76812, 75895 ] ], "certainty": "A line figure of 8 stars is drawn and said to the the Western CrB, although the stars are not identified. This figure includes, as the eighth star, pi CrB, to close the oval.", "description": "A group of men, women and children who are dancing in an oval, drunk, and playing the bass drum. The stars outside this oval are outsiders who are not allowed to join the dance. Dances interrupted by drinking have been widely used by this culture. They are started by the men; this constellation seems to represent an advanced state of the dance where there is no longer a separation of the sexes.", "semantics": [ "group" ] }, { "con": "Ava Guarani", "con_id": "CON Ava Guarani 004", "lines": [ [ 82144, 82263, 82477, 83885, 85965, 86804, 86991, 85164, 83081, 82144 ], [ 86403, 85665, 85436 ] ], "certainty": "A line figure of 9+3 stars is drawn, and the stars are identified, but two of the minor ones have obsolete names. They (G Sco, HD 153613) are identified based on position.", "description": "A corral or fenced area, intended for the cultivation of plants, including corn. The center of this corral is the abode of the evil deity Aguará-Tunpa, the fox-god (the second-most powerful divinity of the Chiriguanos, always in struggle with the other, Aña Tunpa). However, the deity himself cannot be seen in this constellation. The stars are the demarcating posts of the great corral. In the center, three stars represent the Ahuala Süpei shovel with which he works: this heavenly shovel cleans the field and heals the corn by itself.", "semantics": [ "landscape" ] }, { "con": "Ava Guarani", "con_id": "CON Ava Guarani 005", "lines": [ [ 89906, 89653, 90217, 91754, 92564, 93569, 93213, 91632, 89906 ] ], "certainty": "A line figure of 8 stars is drawn, and the stars are identified, except the most minor one has obsolete names. It (HD 172910) is identified based on position.", "description": "A corral of the tapir-god, a divinity analogous to the fox-god (Aguará Tunpa) who also has his corral in the sky, neighbouring this corral. The deity himself cannot be seen in this constellation, either. The Moreví Tunpa appears rarely in the local mythology, but it is likely that an interpretation of the Milky Way as the Path of the Tapir also refers to the Moreví Tunpa.", "semantics": [ "landscape" ] }, { "con": "Ava Guarani", "con_id": "CON Ava Guarani 006", "lines": [ [ 60893, 62239, 60530, 59565, 60893, 60635, 61739, 63801, 66447, 68483, 71456 ] ], "certainty": "A line figure of 10 stars is drawn, but some stars are not identified. They are, however, clear from their relative position to the ones who are (the major stars in Cru and Cen). The line of the necklace (alf-bet Cen) is linked to the rest of the figure from a middle point on the line; this is not reproduced here: bet Cen (the closest star) is linked to the rest of the figure.", "description": "This rhea head has a notable peculiarity: while a real rhea is distinguished by a 'necklace' of dark feathers located at the base of the neck, this celestial one has the same ornament, but made of two splendid stars, alf and bet Cen. This necklace is called Yandu Pó'iéra. The beak is alf Cru, and the eyes bet and del Cru. In other cultures, IAU Cru forms the foot of the rhea.", "semantics": [ "body part" ] }, { "con": "Banjara", "con_id": "CON Banjara 001", "lines": [ [ 67088, 65173, 62757 ], [ 59592, 53905, 53754, 57828, 59592 ] ], "certainty": "The lining of the 4-star polygon is certain, but it is less clear whether the remaining 3 stars (a procession of people) should be lined. There are alternative semantics, since this is a group scene (two objects: a cot and a procession of three humans).", "description": "Saptarshi is divided into the four stars of the polygon that form the death bed (called Jamakhat or Jamkhat or Yamakhat), with a procession of three people following the bed.", "semantics": [ "group", "man-made object" ] }, { "con": "Blackfoot", "con_id": "CON Blackfoot 001", "lines": [ [ 67088, 65173, 62757, 59592, 57828, 53754, 53905 ], [ 65272, 65272 ] ], "certainty": "The source doesn't explicitly provide the constellation lines, but identifies it with the modern Big Dipper, as a bowl with a handle.", "description": "Represents siblings who escape to the sky when being chased by a bear. The sister is the small star Alcor in this version. In a second version of this constellation (not included separately here), the youngest brother becomes the North Star, and the sister (who used to carry him) is the pointer star at the lip of the bowl. This constellation was used for time-keeping before the introduction of clocks.", "semantics": [ "group" ] }, { "con": "Blackfoot", "con_id": "CON Blackfoot 002", "lines": [ [ 36744, 37718 ] ], "certainty": null, "description": "Represents twins whose story explains how a particular tipi design came into use.", "semantics": [ "group" ] }, { "con": "Blackfoot", "con_id": "CON Blackfoot 003", "lines": [ [ 84086, 79928 ], [ 86148, 84122, 82952, 80571, 79928 ], [ 78861, 79750, 80880, 81583, 81444, 80571 ], [ 87661, 86705, 85433, 84121, 79928 ], [ 91874, 91756, 89860, 87994, 79928 ] ], "certainty": "Identification is uncertain. This is a possible configuration of stars in Hercules by [miller1997stars], based on the quote 'the five bright stars just beyond [the Northern Crown] in the constellation of Hercules are his five fingers' [mcclintock1910old].", "description": "Represents five fingers spinning a thread to let the legendary Feather Woman (native name: So-at-sa-ki) down from the sky.", "semantics": [ "body part" ] }, { "con": "Blackfoot", "con_id": "CON Blackfoot 004", "lines": [ [ 75895, 75466, 76035, 76716, 77276, 77923 ] ], "certainty": null, "description": "Represents the stones laid in a circle which used to hold down a tipi.", "semantics": [ "architecture" ] }, { "con": "Bororo", "con_id": "CON Bororo 001", "lines": [ [ 79870, 78029, 78165, 78580, 79134, 79870 ] ], "certainty": "Certain. Turtles have marked significance for the Bororo. The identification of the four turtle constellations is coherent acc. to the field research (they follow each other at 4-hour intervals with an alternation of the species, thus bracketing the night time).", "description": "This is the pincers of IAU Sco.", "semantics": [ "reptile" ] }, { "con": "Bororo", "con_id": "CON Bororo 002", "lines": [ [ 42990, 43689, 42680, 42283, 42195, 42990 ] ], "certainty": "Certain. Turtles have marked significance for the Bororo. The identification of the four turtle constellations is coherent acc. to the field research (they follow each other at 4-hour intervals with an alternation of the species, thus bracketing the night time).", "description": "Close, but not identical, to the head of IAU Hya.", "semantics": [ "reptile" ] }, { "con": "Bororo", "con_id": "CON Bororo 003", "lines": [ [ 60776, 59621, 59134, 59020, 61166, 60776 ] ], "certainty": "Certain. Turtles have marked significance for the Bororo. The identification of the four turtle constellations is coherent acc. to the field research (they follow each other at 4-hour intervals with an alternation of the species, thus bracketing the night time).", "description": null, "semantics": [ "reptile" ] }, { "con": "Bororo", "con_id": "CON Bororo 004", "lines": [ [ 24378, 24614, 23820, 22648, 23309, 23917, 24378 ] ], "certainty": "Certain. Turtles have marked significance for the Bororo. The identification of the four turtle constellations is coherent acc. to the field research (they follow each other at 4-hour intervals with an alternation of the species, thus bracketing the night time).", "description": null, "semantics": [ "reptile" ] }, { "con": "Bororo", "con_id": "CON Bororo 005", "lines": [ [ 60530, 60893 ], [ 60530, 62239 ], [ 60530, 59565 ] ], "certainty": "Certain. Lined like a naturalistic footprint in Fig. 7.2 of [fabian1992space].", "description": "One of the best known and most watched constellations. Along with the Pleiades (Akiri-doge) was used to tell the hours of the night.", "semantics": [ "body part" ] }, { "con": "Bororo", "con_id": "CON Bororo 006", "lines": [ [ 71456, 68483 ] ], "certainty": "Certain.", "description": "These stars cross The Rhea's Neck (Pari Itoru), a black area of the Milky Way near the Coalsack.", "semantics": [ "body part" ] }, { "con": "Bororo", "con_id": "CON Bororo 007", "lines": [ [ 25865, 26246, 26662 ] ], "certainty": "The lines are not visible in Fig. 7.1 due to the large stars; this figure is a straight line.", "description": "No clear gloss. The individual words are glossed as: heron, ramrod, and to make fire.", "semantics": [ "other" ] }, { "con": "Bororo", "con_id": "CON Bororo 008", "lines": [ [ 61739, 61429, 60635, 59016, 59267, 67244, 61739 ] ], "certainty": "Certain.", "description": "This is a name of recent influence.", "semantics": [ "man-made object" ] }, { "con": "Bororo", "con_id": "CON Bororo 009", "lines": [ [ 66447, 63801, 62670, 63742, 66447 ] ], "certainty": "Certain.", "description": "This is a name of recent influence.", "semantics": [ "man-made object" ] }, { "con": "Bororo", "con_id": "CON Bororo 010", "lines": [ [ 59592, 53905, 53754, 57828, 59592 ] ], "certainty": "Lining not certain. Fig. 7.1 in [fabian1992space] does not include the whole constellation (which falls out of the chart), but only 2 of the line segments. This line figure closes the rectangle.", "description": "It is said to be the headdress of the culture hero Bakororo. The alternative native name, Ba Paru Kadoda Jebage (Those Which Cut the West of the village), might refer to a role in orienting the village.", "semantics": [ "man-made object" ] }, { "con": "Bororo", "con_id": "CON Bororo 011", "lines": [ [ 89906, 89364, 88361, 89653, 89906 ] ], "certainty": "Certain.", "description": null, "semantics": [ "mammal" ] }, { "con": "Bororo", "con_id": "CON Bororo 012", "lines": [ [ 91754, 92564, 93569, 93213, 91754 ] ], "certainty": "Certain.", "description": null, "semantics": [ "mammal" ] }, { "con": "Bororo", "con_id": "CON Bororo 013", "lines": [ [ 101095, 101442, 101629, 102201, 103344, 101587, 101095 ] ], "certainty": "Certain.", "description": "This is the largest of the macaws, rare in the Bororo area today.", "semantics": [ "bird" ] }, { "con": "Bororo", "con_id": "CON Bororo 014", "lines": [ [ 7574, 3413, 1065, 676 ] ], "certainty": "Partly certain. Different sources give 3, 4, or 5 stars for this constellation.", "description": "It refers to the hunting of the giant armadillo (bokodori), describing either holes made near the borrow, or hunters around the borrow, waiting to catch the animal.", "semantics": [ "group" ] }, { "con": "Bororo", "con_id": "CON Bororo 015", "lines": [ [ 75895, 75466, 76035, 76716, 77276, 77923, 78256 ] ], "certainty": "Certain.", "description": "A large wheel of buriti palm and other materials, paired as male and female. Used for important ceremonies during funerals, carried atop the heads of a pair of performers, one man supporting the weight of each wheel.", "semantics": [ "man-made object" ] }, { "con": "Bororo", "con_id": "CON Bororo 016", "lines": [ [ 90688, 91589, 92881, 93530, 93819, 93865, 93710, 93248, 92094, 90700 ] ], "certainty": "Certain.", "description": "A large wheel of buriti palm and other materials, paired as male and female. Used for important ceremonies during funerals, carried atop the heads of a pair of performers, one man supporting the weight of each wheel.", "semantics": [ "man-made object" ] }, { "con": "Bugis", "con_id": "CON Bugis 001", "lines": [ [ 60530, 62239, 60893, 59565 ], [ 62239, 62803, 60893 ] ], "certainty": null, "description": null, "semantics": [ "architecture" ] }, { "con": "Bugis", "con_id": "CON Bugis 002", "lines": [ [ 86991, 85665, 85436, 86403, 85965, 85530 ] ], "certainty": "It is not clear if this line figure is complete. It is described in [orchiston2021seasia] as the southern part of Scorpius, but the drawing in the source is a pictogram for this constellation, not a line figure. To match the pictogram better than the list of stars provided, this data removed iot1 Sco (which makes the shark a simple straight line) and added alf Ara (a longer tail) and lam Sco (the fin as drawn).", "description": null, "semantics": [ "fish" ] }, { "con": "Bugis", "con_id": "CON Bugis 003", "lines": [ [ 78580, 78165, 78029, 77868, 79870, 78580 ], [ 79870, 80519, 81020, 82144, 82263, 82477 ] ], "certainty": null, "description": null, "semantics": [ "fish" ] }, { "con": "Bugis", "con_id": "CON Bugis 004", "lines": [ [ 53754, 53905 ] ], "certainty": null, "description": null, "semantics": [ "humanoid" ] }, { "con": "Bugis", "con_id": "CON Bugis 005", "lines": [ [ 57828, 59592, 62757, 65173, 67088, 57828 ] ], "certainty": null, "description": null, "semantics": [ "man-made object" ] }, { "con": "Bugis", "con_id": "CON Bugis 006", "lines": [ [ 57828, 59592, 62757, 65173, 67088, 57828, 54380, 53754, 53905, 72380, 74868, 59592 ] ], "certainty": null, "description": null, "semantics": [ "man-made object" ] }, { "con": "Bugis", "con_id": "CON Bugis 007", "lines": [ [ 26662, 26246, 25865 ] ], "certainty": null, "description": null, "semantics": [ "group" ] }, { "con": "Bugis", "con_id": "CON Bugis 008", "lines": [ [ 25273, 25865, 26246, 26662, 27298 ], [ 26246, 24378 ] ], "certainty": null, "description": null, "semantics": [ "man-made object" ] }, { "con": "Bugis", "con_id": "CON Bugis 009", "lines": [ [ 68483, 71456 ] ], "certainty": null, "description": null, "semantics": [ "humanoid" ] }, { "con": "Bugis", "con_id": "CON Bugis 010", "lines": [ [ 30365, 32263, 37173 ] ], "certainty": null, "description": null, "semantics": [ "bird" ] }, { "con": "Bugis", "con_id": "CON Bugis 011", "lines": [ [ 49528, 57459 ] ], "certainty": null, "description": null, "semantics": [ "man-made object" ] }, { "con": "Bugis", "con_id": "CON Bugis 012", "lines": [ [ 10041, 8777, 10645 ] ], "certainty": "This is uncertain. Marked as Triangulum? in [orchiston2021seasia].", "description": null, "semantics": [ "man-made object" ] }, { "con": "Dien", "con_id": "CON Dien And", "lines": [ [ 7593, 9618, 5436, 676, 113366, 116218, 116439 ], [ 116218, 116265 ], [ 2906, 3871, 4426, 2906, 3086, 3025, 3685, 4453 ] ], "certainty": "kap And and iot And are not linked to lam And in the polar chart, but are in the equatorial chart, which is reflected here. The line zet And, eta And is only present in the equatorial chart, but was added here (it is a logical continuation of an isolated line segment).", "description": null, "semantics": [ "humanoid" ] }, { "con": "Dien", "con_id": "CON Dien Ant", "lines": [ [ 51027, 51027 ] ], "certainty": null, "description": "Single star.", "semantics": [ "man-made object" ] }, { "con": "Dien", "con_id": "CON Dien Aql", "lines": [ [ 96970, 97338, 97725, 99156, 97493, 95207, 93452, 92951 ], [ 95207, 96165, 93510 ] ], "certainty": "Drawn in its entirety only on the equatorial chart (the polar charts have only small parts).", "description": null, "semantics": [ "bird" ] }, { "con": "Dien", "con_id": "CON Dien Aql2", "lines": [ [ 96165, 96180 ] ], "certainty": null, "description": "An obsolete constellation later merged into Aquila.", "semantics": [ "humanoid" ] }, { "con": "Dien", "con_id": "CON Dien Aqr", "lines": [ [ 102287, 102714, 105936, 108528, 110049, 108728, 112776, 113980 ], [ 110049, 110326, 111147, 110614, 110049 ], [ 108793, 109657, 112601, 108793 ] ], "certainty": null, "description": null, "semantics": [ "humanoid" ] }, { "con": "Dien", "con_id": "CON Dien Aqr_eq", "lines": [ [ 102287, 102714, 105936, 109657, 108793, 106444, 105936 ], [ 109657, 112601, 108793 ], [ 109657, 112776, 113980 ], [ 109657, 110049, 108728, 108528, 110049, 110326, 111147, 110614, 110049 ] ], "certainty": null, "description": null, "semantics": [ "humanoid" ] }, { "con": "Dien", "con_id": "CON Dien Ara", "lines": [ [ 85530, 84999, 85008, 85467, 82112, 82826, 82898, 85530 ], [ 82826, 85008 ] ], "certainty": null, "description": null, "semantics": [ "man-made object" ] }, { "con": "Dien", "con_id": "CON Dien Ari", "lines": [ [ 8813, 8884, 9861, 14802 ] ], "certainty": null, "description": null, "semantics": [ "mammal" ] }, { "con": "Dien", "con_id": "CON Dien Aur", "lines": [ [ 24549, 28288, 28309 ], [ 22961, 24549, 23361, 23712 ], [ 23361, 23398 ], [ 24549, 28287, 28288 ], [ 28287, 32394, 28309 ], [ 23712, 23398 ] ], "certainty": null, "description": null, "semantics": [ "humanoid" ] }, { "con": "Dien", "con_id": "CON Dien Aur_eq", "lines": [ [ 24549, 28288, 28309, 24549, 28287, 28288 ], [ 24549, 23361, 23712, 23398, 23361 ], [ 22961, 24549 ], [ 28288, 32394, 28309, 29623, 34660, 32394 ] ], "certainty": "psi05 Aur is not certain; more of the many psi Aur stars would have provided a similar shape. Line eta Aur, zet Aur is not certain but presumed (the stars are very close). Two lines are mostly erased on the polar chart (and another two on the equator chart), so are not included.", "description": null, "semantics": [ "humanoid" ] }, { "con": "Dien", "con_id": "CON Dien Boo", "lines": [ [ 69451, 71879, 74438, 73327, 70851, 70828, 69451 ], [ 75182, 74438, 70851, 69510, 70274, 69261 ], [ 70274, 69491 ], [ 71569, 72432, 71536, 71569, 69451, 67711, 67063, 67246, 67711 ] ], "certainty": null, "description": null, "semantics": [ "humanoid" ] }, { "con": "Dien", "con_id": "CON Dien Boo_eq", "lines": [ [ 69451, 71879, 74438, 73327, 70851, 70828, 69451 ], [ 75182, 74438, 70851, 69510 ], [ 71569, 72432, 71536, 71569, 69451, 67711, 67063, 67246, 67711 ], [ 71879, 71058, 70828 ] ], "certainty": "rho Boo is not linked in on the chart, but is marked near a line, so I assume that was the intention. The line iot Boo to lam Boo is partially erased or incomplete. It is removed here (looks awkward given the other lines). This equatorial chart variant adds a belt line, eps Boo, sig Boo, rho Boo (and lacks the northenmost area).", "description": null, "semantics": [ "humanoid" ] }, { "con": "Dien", "con_id": "CON Dien Cae", "lines": [ [ 21808, 21717 ] ], "certainty": "Only drawn on the equatorial chart.", "description": null, "semantics": [ "man-made object" ] }, { "con": "Dien", "con_id": "CON Dien Cam", "lines": [ [ 16187, 22730, 23467, 16241 ], [ 22730, 33607, 23467 ], [ 16187, 16241 ] ], "certainty": "Not clear whether HD 21291, HD 21389 are linked (they are adjacent to each other). Assumed yes here. Drawn on the polar chart only.", "description": null, "semantics": [ "mammal" ] }, { "con": "Dien", "con_id": "CON Dien Cap", "lines": [ [ 100020, 99743, 106642, 107213, 106381, 106642 ] ], "certainty": null, "description": null, "semantics": [ "mammal" ] }, { "con": "Dien", "con_id": "CON Dien Cap_eq", "lines": [ [ 99706, 99743, 100020, 106642, 107213, 106381, 106642 ] ], "certainty": null, "description": null, "semantics": [ "mammal" ] }, { "con": "Dien", "con_id": "CON Dien CarPupVel", "lines": [ [ 30365, 40921, 45106, 52268, 45425, 40921 ], [ 52268, 119625, 45425 ], [ 51428, 47866, 48635, 51428 ], [ 30365, 31605, 32682, 30365 ], [ 31605, 38713 ], [ 30365, 39840, 42416, 42794, 45425, 45809, 44689, 52575, 119625 ], [ 52575, 49336, 50050, 46518, 44689 ], [ 40921, 39840, 39318, 44689 ], [ 40591, 39318, 37711, 40591, 39644, 38721, 38062, 35169, 31605 ], [ 38721, 39793, 39200, 38273, 38103, 38721 ] ], "certainty": "6 Pup and 9 Pup are uncertain (they are not labelled, and there are many faint candidate stars). Only drawn on the polar chart. The figure is too large to take a variant from the equatorial.", "description": null, "semantics": [ "man-made object" ] }, { "con": "Dien", "con_id": "CON Dien Cas", "lines": [ [ 744, 3172, 4417, 6672, 8867 ] ], "certainty": null, "description": null, "semantics": [ "humanoid" ] }, { "con": "Dien", "con_id": "CON Dien Cen", "lines": [ [ 66447, 68483, 71456, 66447, 67786, 67259, 67251, 65729, 68714, 67786 ], [ 68714, 64904, 61739, 59016, 56392 ], [ 59267, 61739 ], [ 64904, 62699 ] ], "certainty": "The equatorial version is too incomplete to make a variant (has 8 stars, of which 6 in common with the 14 in the polar variant).", "description": null, "semantics": [ "humanoid", "mammal" ] }, { "con": "Dien", "con_id": "CON Dien Cep", "lines": [ [ 116361, 105691, 104861, 112364, 105691, 98939 ], [ 104861, 102091 ], [ 110645, 109146, 112364, 110645, 109511, 109146 ] ], "certainty": "Not clear whether eps Cep, zet Cep are linked (they're adjacent); assumed linked.", "description": null, "semantics": [ "humanoid" ] }, { "con": "Dien", "con_id": "CON Dien Cer", "lines": [ [ 86705, 87661, 87537, 86705 ], [ 87661, 88517, 87537, 86148 ] ], "certainty": "Cerberus is marked on the chart, linked to Hercules: it is an obsolete constellation created by Hevelius in the 17th century, now included in Hercules. They are separated here, since the demarcation line is fairly clear based on the pictorial representation of Hercules from those times.", "description": null, "semantics": [ "mammal" ] }, { "con": "Dien", "con_id": "CON Dien Cer_eq", "lines": [ [ 86705, 87661, 87726, 87537, 86705 ], [ 87661, 88517, 87537 ], [ 86705, 88517, 89860, 91756, 91874 ] ], "certainty": "Cerberus is marked on the chart, linked to Hercules: it is an obsolete constellation created by Hevelius in the 17th century, now included in Hercules. They are separated here, since the demarcation line is fairly clear based on the pictorial representation of Hercules from those times.", "description": null, "semantics": [ "mammal" ] }, { "con": "Dien", "con_id": "CON Dien Cet", "lines": [ [ 12355, 10800, 8628, 6523, 5353, 8087, 8628 ], [ 8087, 9328 ], [ 5353, 1559, 3413, 5353 ], [ 3413, 300, 1559 ], [ 12355, 12357, 12737, 11755, 11318, 12357 ], [ 12355, 12673, 12795, 13920, 14100, 12673 ], [ 14100, 12355 ], [ 13920, 15419, 14100 ] ], "certainty": "This polar variant is composed of two partial line figures on the two polar charts.", "description": null, "semantics": [ "fish" ] }, { "con": "Dien", "con_id": "CON Dien Cet_eq", "lines": [ [ 12673, 14100, 13920, 12795, 12673 ], [ 12795, 11457, 12062, 12673, 12355, 12062 ], [ 13920, 15419, 14100, 12355, 11763, 10800, 12357, 12737, 11755, 11318, 12357 ], [ 10800, 8628, 6523, 5353, 8087, 8628 ], [ 8087, 11318, 9328, 8087, 3413, 9328 ], [ 3413, 5353, 1559, 3413 ] ], "certainty": null, "description": null, "semantics": [ "fish" ] }, { "con": "Dien", "con_id": "CON Dien CMa", "lines": [ [ 30251, 32263, 33956, 33888, 33065, 33956 ], [ 33260, 33258 ], [ 32263, 33065, 33492, 30049, 30715 ], [ 33492, 35806, 34354, 33769, 33492 ] ], "certainty": null, "description": null, "semantics": [ "mammal" ] }, { "con": "Dien", "con_id": "CON Dien CMa_eq", "lines": [ [ 30251, 32263, 33956, 33260, 33258, 33956 ], [ 32263, 33888, 34354, 35806, 33492, 33769, 34354 ], [ 33888, 33065, 31512, 33888 ], [ 33492, 30049, 30715, 33492 ] ], "certainty": null, "description": null, "semantics": [ "mammal" ] }, { "con": "Dien", "con_id": "CON Dien CMi", "lines": [ [ 37173, 36087 ] ], "certainty": null, "description": null, "semantics": [ "mammal" ] }, { "con": "Dien", "con_id": "CON Dien Cnc", "lines": [ [ 44670, 43939, 42792, 40411 ], [ 42792, 42687 ] ], "certainty": null, "description": null, "semantics": [ "arthropod" ] }, { "con": "Dien", "con_id": "CON Dien Col", "lines": [ [ 27559, 25794, 26569, 28127, 27559 ] ], "certainty": "The polar chart appears to miss a line, but likely due to close stars.", "description": null, "semantics": [ "bird" ] }, { "con": "Dien", "con_id": "CON Dien Com", "lines": [ [ 60554, 60509, 60558, 60715, 61202 ], [ 60558, 60328, 60166, 59665 ] ], "certainty": null, "description": null, "semantics": [ "body part" ] }, { "con": "Dien", "con_id": "CON Dien Com_eq", "lines": [ [ 60554, 60509, 60558, 60715, 61202 ], [ 60558, 60328, 60166, 59665 ], [ 63745, 64037, 63153, 63745, 64189, 62566, 63745 ], [ 64189, 63259, 62566 ], [ 63745, 62689, 61202 ], [ 62689, 60017 ] ], "certainty": "Only two line segments are drawn clearly, likely due to how close together the stars are. A Y-shape appears implied, which is drawn here and uses different stars than the IAU version (only gam Com is in common). The same Y-shape is drawn on both charts, but the equatorial chart has a complete figure attached to this (except for one tiny star labelled omega and 1745 on the left of bet Com, which can't be identified).", "description": null, "semantics": [ "body part" ] }, { "con": "Dien", "con_id": "CON Dien CrB", "lines": [ [ 75895, 75466, 76035, 76716, 77276, 77923, 75895 ] ], "certainty": null, "description": null, "semantics": [ "man-made object" ] }, { "con": "Dien", "con_id": "CON Dien CrB_eq", "lines": [ [ 75895, 75466, 76035, 76716, 77276, 77923, 78256, 75895 ] ], "certainty": "The equatorial variant has one extra star, iot CrB. Both variants are loops.", "description": null, "semantics": [ "man-made object" ] }, { "con": "Dien", "con_id": "CON Dien Crt", "lines": [ [ 53584, 54522, 55118, 55521, 56464, 58014, 57111, 55539, 52789, 53584 ], [ 55118, 55539 ], [ 55521, 57111 ] ], "certainty": "The zet Crt label is placed on the wrong star (tet Crt) in the polar chart, but is placed correctly in the equatorial variant.", "description": null, "semantics": [ "man-made object" ] }, { "con": "Dien", "con_id": "CON Dien Crt_eq", "lines": [ [ 53584, 54522, 55118, 55521, 56464 ], [ 58014, 57111, 55539, 52789, 53584 ], [ 55118, 55539 ] ], "certainty": "The equatorial variant is an empty cup, with no internal lines.", "description": null, "semantics": [ "man-made object" ] }, { "con": "Dien", "con_id": "CON Dien Cru", "lines": [ [ 60530, 60893 ], [ 62239, 59565 ] ], "certainty": null, "description": null, "semantics": [ "geometric" ] }, { "con": "Dien", "con_id": "CON Dien Crv", "lines": [ [ 59020, 61166, 60776, 59621, 59134, 59020 ] ], "certainty": null, "description": null, "semantics": null }, { "con": "Dien", "con_id": "CON Dien Crv_eq", "lines": [ [ 59020, 61166, 60776, 59621, 59134, 59020 ], [ 61166, 59134 ] ], "certainty": null, "description": null, "semantics": [ "bird" ] }, { "con": "Dien", "con_id": "CON Dien CVn", "lines": [ [ 62925, 61124 ] ], "certainty": "The chart labels bet CVn as 'd', but there is no such star in the catalogue now. The position matches bet.", "description": null, "semantics": [ "mammal" ] }, { "con": "Dien", "con_id": "CON Dien Cyg", "lines": [ [ 101767, 100128, 96377, 95648 ], [ 106967, 104394, 102157, 100128, 96858, 96138, 94484 ], [ 99529, 101767, 103725, 104764, 103081, 101767 ], [ 104800, 102258, 103081, 103725, 106139, 107190, 103725 ] ], "certainty": null, "description": null, "semantics": [ "bird" ] }, { "con": "Dien", "con_id": "CON Dien Cyg_eq", "lines": [ [ 101767, 100128, 97799, 96377, 95648 ], [ 106967, 104394, 102157, 100128, 96858, 96138 ], [ 99529, 101767, 103725, 104764, 103081, 103725, 106139 ], [ 103081, 102258, 100260 ] ], "certainty": "The equatorial version is likely partial in the north area, and eta Cyg is not certain (a smaller star may match the location better, but the line aspect remains the same).", "description": null, "semantics": [ "bird" ] }, { "con": "Dien", "con_id": "CON Dien Del", "lines": [ [ 101095, 101442, 101629, 102201, 101950, 101442 ] ], "certainty": null, "description": null, "semantics": [ "fish" ] }, { "con": "Dien", "con_id": "CON Dien Dor", "lines": [ [ 19843, 21228, 26004 ] ], "certainty": null, "description": null, "semantics": [ "fish" ] }, { "con": "Dien", "con_id": "CON Dien Dra", "lines": [ [ 47060, 56044, 61088, 68537, 75229, 78290, 80089, 83638, 85939, 89660, 94081, 94786, 87314, 87561, 85410, 85567, 87314 ], [ 85410, 83351 ], [ 80089, 80406, 83638 ], [ 68537, 67414 ] ], "certainty": null, "description": null, "semantics": [ "reptile" ] }, { "con": "Dien", "con_id": "CON Dien Equ", "lines": [ [ 104649, 105229, 104520, 104184, 104649 ] ], "certainty": null, "description": null, "semantics": [ "mammal" ] }, { "con": "Dien", "con_id": "CON Dien Eri", "lines": [ [ 23820, 21391, 19538, 18497, 17336, 16496, 15159, 14257, 13667, 15159 ], [ 23820, 21541, 21710, 21340, 19992, 16570, 15436, 12810, 14112, 15436, 14843 ], [ 14112, 14843 ], [ 12810, 14843 ], [ 12452, 14843, 15471 ], [ 14843, 13813 ], [ 15471, 11380 ], [ 13813, 11380, 10578, 8989, 7574 ], [ 15471, 13813, 12452 ] ], "certainty": null, "description": null, "semantics": [ "landscape" ] }, { "con": "Dien", "con_id": "CON Dien Eri_eq", "lines": [ [ 23917, 23820, 22648, 22056, 21391, 19538, 18497, 17336, 16496, 15159, 14257, 14026, 13667, 15159, 18957, 16496 ], [ 18957, 17336 ], [ 23820, 23309, 21541, 21710, 21340, 20221 ], [ 21340, 19992, 15471, 13813, 12452, 14843, 15471 ], [ 14843, 13813 ], [ 14843, 16570, 15436, 14112, 14843 ], [ 14112, 12810 ] ], "certainty": "The equatorial variant is missing a tail of the figure above decl. -45, incl. the bright alf Eri.", "description": null, "semantics": [ "landscape" ] }, { "con": "Dien", "con_id": "CON Dien Gem", "lines": [ [ 36744, 37718, 35453, 34000, 31601, 30810, 30270, 32161, 36744 ], [ 30270, 29582 ], [ 37633, 36856, 35946, 32932 ], [ 35946, 35453, 35253 ], [ 32276, 31601 ] ], "certainty": "The line segment ksi Gem, gam Gem is only present in the equatorial chart; otherwise the two figures are the same. A single variant is written, including this line segment.", "description": null, "semantics": [ "humanoid" ] }, { "con": "Dien", "con_id": "CON Dien Gru", "lines": [ [ 110650, 108922, 111768, 112263 ] ], "certainty": null, "description": null, "semantics": [ "bird" ] }, { "con": "Dien", "con_id": "CON Dien Her", "lines": [ [ 84086, 80571, 79928, 80221, 80571, 81444, 82952, 84086, 84121, 82952, 84122, 81583, 81444 ], [ 84122, 84853 ], [ 81583, 80880, 79750 ], [ 84121, 85433, 86705 ] ], "certainty": "See Cer, Cerberus.", "description": null, "semantics": [ "humanoid" ] }, { "con": "Dien", "con_id": "CON Dien Her_eq", "lines": [ [ 84086, 79928, 80571, 81444, 82952, 84121, 84086 ], [ 79928, 80221, 84121, 85433, 86705 ], [ 81444, 81583, 80880, 79750 ], [ 84122, 81583 ], [ 82952, 84122, 84348, 84853, 86148 ] ], "certainty": "See Cer, Cerberus.", "description": null, "semantics": [ "humanoid" ] }, { "con": "Dien", "con_id": "CON Dien Hya", "lines": [ [ 42990, 42680, 42283, 42195, 42990, 43689, 45204, 46259, 49700, 50924, 56174, 57763, 63963, 64758, 68675 ] ], "certainty": "The polar variant is put together from two partial line figures on the two polar charts.", "description": null, "semantics": [ "reptile" ] }, { "con": "Dien", "con_id": "CON Dien Hya_eq", "lines": [ [ 42990, 43113, 42680, 42283, 42195, 42990, 43689, 42680 ], [ 43689, 45204, 46376, 46643, 47297, 46376, 46259, 49700, 50924, 56174, 57763, 63963, 64758, 68675, 69193, 70530, 70083 ], [ 70530, 72345, 72131, 71971, 70530 ] ], "certainty": "One star marked (but not named) between gam Hya and pi Hya cannot be identified, so is not included.", "description": null, "semantics": [ "reptile" ] }, { "con": "Dien", "con_id": "CON Dien Hyi", "lines": [ [ 2016, 17637, 9217, 2016 ] ], "certainty": null, "description": null, "semantics": [ "reptile" ] }, { "con": "Dien", "con_id": "CON Dien Ind", "lines": [ [ 101445, 102895 ] ], "certainty": null, "description": null, "semantics": [ "humanoid" ] }, { "con": "Dien", "con_id": "CON Dien Lac", "lines": [ [ 110005, 110263, 110192, 110822, 110005, 109591 ] ], "certainty": null, "description": null, "semantics": [ "reptile" ] }, { "con": "Dien", "con_id": "CON Dien Lep", "lines": [ [ 25920, 25542, 27006, 27585, 25920 ], [ 23630, 25542 ], [ 25920, 27220, 24785, 25920 ], [ 24785, 24249 ], [ 24187, 24785 ], [ 27220, 28032, 28837 ] ], "certainty": null, "description": null, "semantics": [ "mammal" ] }, { "con": "Dien", "con_id": "CON Dien Lib", "lines": [ [ 72396, 73246, 74556, 72396 ], [ 74556, 73486, 72396 ], [ 73486, 78029 ], [ 74556, 75150, 76100, 74164, 75150 ], [ 76100, 76824, 76644, 77575, 77617, 76824 ], [ 77617, 77971, 119058 ] ], "certainty": null, "description": null, "semantics": [ "man-made object" ] }, { "con": "Dien", "con_id": "CON Dien Lib_eq", "lines": [ [ 72396, 74556, 76100, 74164, 72396 ], [ 73246, 74556, 75150 ], [ 72396, 73486, 74164 ], [ 73486, 76365, 74164 ], [ 76100, 76824, 76644, 77575, 77617, 76824 ], [ 77617, 77971, 119058 ] ], "certainty": "The gamma label appears twice. The larger one is sig Lib based on its location.", "description": null, "semantics": [ "man-made object" ] }, { "con": "Dien", "con_id": "CON Dien LMi", "lines": [ [ 51947, 51089, 49451, 50911, 51947, 52486 ] ], "certainty": null, "description": null, "semantics": [ "mammal" ] }, { "con": "Dien", "con_id": "CON Dien LMi_eq", "lines": [ [ 51947, 51089, 49451, 50911, 51947, 52486 ], [ 51089, 50911 ] ], "certainty": "The equatorial figure has one extra line down the middle.", "description": null, "semantics": [ "mammal" ] }, { "con": "Dien", "con_id": "CON Dien Leo", "lines": [ [ 46617, 47772, 46014, 46617, 46637, 47373, 48889, 49528, 49441, 50440, 50193, 48318, 47772 ], [ 49528, 54718, 57459, 54712, 54718 ], [ 57459, 57392 ], [ 48889, 51475, 49528 ], [ 51475, 55779, 55476, 57459 ], [ 55779, 56478, 55959, 55779 ], [ 55959, 48889 ], [ 51475, 54718 ] ], "certainty": "The polar and equatorial versions are different by a few lines. This is the union of both (the polar chart is not sufficient, because the figure crosses the equator).", "description": null, "semantics": [ "mammal" ] }, { "con": "Dien", "con_id": "CON Dien Lup", "lines": [ [ 71634, 73046, 73107, 71125, 71634, 76065, 75035, 74167 ], [ 75035, 76317 ] ], "certainty": null, "description": null, "semantics": [ "mammal" ] }, { "con": "Dien", "con_id": "CON Dien Lup_eq", "lines": [ [ 73046, 75035, 74912, 73046 ], [ 74912, 76065, 75035 ], [ 74912, 74948, 78678, 74912 ], [ 74948, 77398, 78678 ] ], "certainty": "This is a partial variant (the area between decl. -45 and 0); the rest falls outside the chart.", "description": null, "semantics": [ "mammal" ] }, { "con": "Dien", "con_id": "CON Dien Lyn", "lines": [ [ 29846, 33362, 39734, 40959, 44572, 45557, 45728 ] ], "certainty": "No star can be unambiguously identified, although the shape looks accurate (not even alf Lyn of magn. 3 is certain: only magn. 4+ stars appear used).", "description": null, "semantics": [ "mammal" ] }, { "con": "Dien", "con_id": "CON Dien Lyn_eq", "lines": [ [ 29846, 33362, 39734, 40959, 44572, 45557, 45728, 44572 ] ], "certainty": "No star can be unambiguously identified, although the shape looks accurate (not even alf Lyn of magn. 3 is certain: only magn. 4+ stars appear used). The equatorial variant closes a triangle at one end.", "description": null, "semantics": [ "mammal" ] }, { "con": "Dien", "con_id": "CON Dien Lyr", "lines": [ [ 91633, 90979, 89548 ], [ 90979, 91684, 92133, 92902, 92502, 91684 ] ], "certainty": null, "description": null, "semantics": [ "man-made object" ] }, { "con": "Dien", "con_id": "CON Dien Mic", "lines": [ [ 102500, 102500 ] ], "certainty": "Only drawn on the equatorial chart.", "description": "Single star.", "semantics": [ "man-made object" ] }, { "con": "Dien", "con_id": "CON Dien Mon", "lines": [ [ 39750, 37340, 34677, 32492, 30794 ], [ 32492, 31139, 31895, 32447, 31139 ] ], "certainty": "Straddles the equator, and only drawn on the equatorial chart.", "description": null, "semantics": [ "mammal" ] }, { "con": "Dien", "con_id": "CON Dien MuB", "lines": [ [ 12686, 13028, 13176, 12686 ] ], "certainty": "Obsolete constellation; it contained a small group of stars, now called 33, 35, 39, and 41 Ari. Dien draws only 3, so picked the brightest 3 here.", "description": "Obsolete constellation, originally called Apes (Bees) by Petrus Plancius when created in 1612.", "semantics": [ "arthropod" ] }, { "con": "Dien", "con_id": "CON Dien Mus", "lines": [ [ 62127, 61392, 61008, 63411, 62127 ] ], "certainty": null, "description": null, "semantics": [ "arthropod" ] }, { "con": "Dien", "con_id": "CON Dien Oph", "lines": [ [ 85769, 82745, 82421, 77022, 76835, 77386, 79352, 79640, 81130, 83755, 84711, 84147 ], [ 83755, 89684, 92654, 86839, 86475, 85769 ] ], "certainty": "This is the equatorial variant, which has the entire constellation (the polar charts are very partial).", "description": null, "semantics": [ "humanoid" ] }, { "con": "Dien", "con_id": "CON Dien Oph2", "lines": [ [ 88494, 88488, 87877, 87920, 88018, 88327 ] ], "certainty": "Only drawn on the equatorial chart, where 6 stars are marked, with outdated names but corresponding in location to stars known to have been in this constellation. They are not linked on the chart, but the intention to look like the Hyades is known, so these are linked into a V.", "description": "Obsolete constellation. Taurus Poniatovii (Poniatowski's bull) was created by the former rector of Vilnius University, Marcin Odlanicki Poczobutt, in 1777 to honor Stanislaus Poniatowski, King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania.", "semantics": [ "mammal" ] }, { "con": "Dien", "con_id": "CON Dien Ori", "lines": [ [ 27919, 25273, 24614, 24378, 27298, 27919, 26301, 26142, 26111, 25273, 22396, 22496, 22744, 25273 ], [ 22396, 22456 ], [ 22744, 23069 ], [ 26662, 26246, 25865, 25218, 26172, 26484, 26662 ], [ 26172, 26176 ] ], "certainty": "This is the equatorial variant, since the constellation crosses the equator.", "description": null, "semantics": [ "humanoid" ] }, { "con": "Dien", "con_id": "CON Dien Pav", "lines": [ [ 100425, 102064, 105519, 100425 ], [ 102064, 98924, 98184, 102064 ], [ 98184, 91507 ] ], "certainty": null, "description": null, "semantics": [ "bird" ] }, { "con": "Dien", "con_id": "CON Dien Peg", "lines": [ [ 676, 113521, 113603, 1065, 676 ], [ 109064, 111804, 113521, 112389, 112084 ], [ 113603, 111676, 109081, 106972, 107011, 109064, 108830, 107011, 105162, 106972 ] ], "certainty": null, "description": null, "semantics": [ "mammal" ] }, { "con": "Dien", "con_id": "CON Dien Peg_eq", "lines": [ [ 676, 113521, 113603, 1065, 676 ], [ 113521, 114887, 115258 ], [ 109064, 111804, 113521, 112389, 112084, 109081 ], [ 113603, 111676, 106972, 105162, 107011, 109064 ], [ 107011, 108830, 112389 ], [ 108830, 111804 ] ], "certainty": null, "description": null, "semantics": [ "mammal" ] }, { "con": "Dien", "con_id": "CON Dien Per", "lines": [ [ 13234, 14292, 15824, 14596, 13497, 14292 ], [ 15824, 14540, 14318, 13221, 14540, 14632 ], [ 15824, 17316, 17487, 18485, 18201, 17406 ], [ 17316, 19296, 19762 ] ], "certainty": null, "description": null, "semantics": [ "humanoid" ] }, { "con": "Dien", "con_id": "CON Dien Per_eq", "lines": [ [ 19762, 19296, 17487, 18485, 19296 ], [ 17316, 18485, 14540, 17316 ], [ 18485, 18201, 14540, 14318, 13221, 14632, 14540 ], [ 14632, 14596, 12744, 14632 ] ], "certainty": null, "description": null, "semantics": [ "humanoid" ] }, { "con": "Dien", "con_id": "CON Dien Phe", "lines": [ [ 5154, 6853 ], [ 7068, 5154, 2076 ], [ 5154, 763 ] ], "certainty": null, "description": null, "semantics": [ "bird" ] }, { "con": "Dien", "con_id": "CON Dien PsA", "lines": [ [ 113008, 111601 ], [ 110841, 113008 ], [ 110841, 107037 ], [ 110841, 107265 ] ], "certainty": null, "description": null, "semantics": [ "fish" ] }, { "con": "Dien", "con_id": "CON Dien PsA_eq", "lines": [ [ 113008, 111601, 110841, 113008 ], [ 110841, 107037 ], [ 110841, 107265 ] ], "certainty": null, "description": null, "semantics": [ "fish" ] }, { "con": "Dien", "con_id": "CON Dien Psc", "lines": [ [ 6301, 6179 ], [ 5574, 6179, 5730, 5559, 6692, 7083, 7521, 8183, 9467, 8814, 7869, 6993, 5725, 4896, 3778, 117900, 116405, 115465, 114609, 115376, 116562, 116405 ], [ 114609, 113529 ], [ 115376, 154 ], [ 3778, 154 ], [ 5559, 5121 ] ], "certainty": "Only the equatorial version is usable. The portion present in the N polar chart looks different, but is too small to use. Some of the lines are faint or partially erased. The line eta Psc, zet Psc A appears erased on purpose, so is not included.", "description": null, "semantics": [ "fish" ] }, { "con": "Dien", "con_id": "CON Dien Pyx", "lines": [ [ 42396, 42709, 45770 ], [ 43700, 44872 ] ], "certainty": null, "description": null, "semantics": [ "man-made object" ] }, { "con": "Dien", "con_id": "CON Dien Ret", "lines": [ [ 19730, 17398 ] ], "certainty": null, "description": null, "semantics": [ "man-made object" ] }, { "con": "Dien", "con_id": "CON Dien Scl", "lines": [ [ 4567, 8194 ] ], "certainty": "eps Scl is uncertain, but fits the shape; a fainter star in the same region may fit the shape better.", "description": null, "semantics": [ "man-made object" ] }, { "con": "Dien", "con_id": "CON Dien Sco", "lines": [ [ 86403, 85436, 85665, 86991, 86804, 85965, 83885, 82263, 82144, 81020, 80519, 78029, 78165, 79870, 80519, 77868, 78029 ], [ 80519, 78580, 78165 ], [ 78580, 79134 ] ], "certainty": "A single variant is taken, the equatorial one; the polar version only lacks one link in the head.", "description": null, "semantics": [ "arthropod" ] }, { "con": "Dien", "con_id": "CON Dien Sct", "lines": [ [ 93136, 91888, 90835, 93136 ] ], "certainty": "Only drawn on the equatorial chart.", "description": null, "semantics": [ "man-made object" ] }, { "con": "Dien", "con_id": "CON Dien Ser", "lines": [ [ 77214, 76616, 77426, 78316, 77666, 77214, 76997, 77836, 77214 ], [ 76997, 76044, 76835, 77386, 77280, 81130 ], [ 77386, 80637, 81130, 83755, 84711 ], [ 83755, 84622, 86298, 85998, 84711 ], [ 86298, 87902, 87775, 86298 ] ], "certainty": "See also Oph, Ophiucus. Only the head and tail are somewhat clear. In the middle, the snake appears to continue within Ophiucus; this is drawn here, such that the two constellations overlap on some lines.", "description": null, "semantics": [ "reptile" ] }, { "con": "Dien", "con_id": "CON Dien Sge", "lines": [ [ 98026, 97056, 96450 ], [ 97056, 96530 ], [ 96450, 96530 ] ], "certainty": null, "description": null, "semantics": [ "man-made object" ] }, { "con": "Dien", "con_id": "CON Dien Sgr", "lines": [ [ 92564, 93569, 93213, 91754, 92564 ], [ 93213, 89653, 88361 ], [ 89364, 89906, 89653, 90217, 89064, 92793, 93388, 93846 ], [ 93213, 95052, 94946, 97721, 95052, 95182, 97755, 97721 ], [ 94946, 88439, 90143 ] ], "certainty": null, "description": null, "semantics": [ "humanoid", "mammal" ] }, { "con": "Dien", "con_id": "CON Dien Sgr_eq", "lines": [ [ 92564, 93569, 93213, 91754, 92564 ], [ 93213, 89653, 88361 ], [ 89364, 89906, 89653, 90217, 89064, 92793, 93388, 93846 ], [ 92793, 92564 ] ], "certainty": "Mislabels eta Sgr as bet. The equatorial variant is smaller.", "description": null, "semantics": [ "humanoid", "mammal" ] }, { "con": "Dien", "con_id": "CON Dien Tau", "lines": [ [ 26386, 25364, 27399, 26386, 21368, 25364 ], [ 21368, 20842, 20155, 20405, 20837, 17805 ], [ 20155, 18677, 18860, 19810, 18677, 16044, 15861 ], [ 18860, 16044 ] ], "certainty": "The equatorial chart misses one line, but otherwise they are identical.", "description": null, "semantics": [ "mammal" ] }, { "con": "Dien", "con_id": "CON Dien TrA", "lines": [ [ 82022, 77716, 74717, 82022 ] ], "certainty": null, "description": null, "semantics": [ "geometric" ] }, { "con": "Dien", "con_id": "CON Dien Tri", "lines": [ [ 8777, 10041, 10645, 8777 ] ], "certainty": null, "description": null, "semantics": [ "geometric" ] }, { "con": "Dien", "con_id": "CON Dien Tuc", "lines": [ [ 109784, 114634, 2478 ] ], "certainty": null, "description": null, "semantics": [ "bird" ] }, { "con": "Dien", "con_id": "CON Dien UMa", "lines": [ [ 59592, 53905, 53754, 57828, 59592, 62757, 65173, 67088 ], [ 53905, 48182, 46600, 53905 ], [ 48182, 41586, 46600 ], [ 53754, 46720, 44000, 44343, 46720, 50230, 44343 ], [ 50230, 50655, 57828, 57226, 54380, 50655 ], [ 57226, 55055, 118742 ] ], "certainty": "A long, cross-constellation line also links eta UMa to Arcturus (in Le Bouvier), possibly as an orientation line (not drawn here). Another faint sky object is linked to α_UMa and h_UMa, likely a galaxy (not included here).", "description": null, "semantics": [ "mammal" ] }, { "con": "Dien", "con_id": "CON Dien UMa_eq", "lines": [ [ 53754, 57828 ], [ 53754, 46720, 44000, 44343, 46720 ], [ 50230, 44343 ], [ 50230, 50655 ], [ 57828, 57226, 54380, 50655 ], [ 57226, 55055, 118742 ], [ 44000, 44120 ], [ 44343, 44120 ], [ 50230, 53754 ], [ 50655, 55055 ], [ 54380, 55055 ] ], "certainty": "The polar chart is complete, the equatorial incomplete. The southern areas in the equatorial chart are different than the polar. This variant shows that, preserving from the polar chart the northern areas.", "description": null, "semantics": [ "mammal" ] }, { "con": "Dien", "con_id": "CON Dien UMi", "lines": [ [ 11734, 85560, 81830, 76819, 79580, 74868, 72380, 76819 ] ], "certainty": null, "description": null, "semantics": [ "mammal" ] }, { "con": "Dien", "con_id": "CON Dien Vir", "lines": [ [ 65269, 64034, 61748, 59945, 57584, 59988, 59945 ], [ 59988, 58415, 57208, 57156, 58773, 58415 ], [ 57156, 56610 ], [ 59945, 62890, 61748 ], [ 62890, 63405, 66040, 65269 ], [ 66040, 71994, 70532, 69479, 71731, 70532 ], [ 69479, 69205, 69751, 65375, 65269 ] ], "certainty": "This is the equatorial line figure; the polar ones are too partial to extract a variant. Overlaps many lines around the ecliptic, so was difficult to extract.", "description": null, "semantics": [ "humanoid" ] }, { "con": "Dien", "con_id": "CON Dien Vul", "lines": [ [ 94532, 95473, 98232, 99554, 100750, 99505, 98064, 97575, 95473 ] ], "certainty": "alf Vul (and possibly 2 Vul) are marked as L'Oie (Lat: Anser, Eng: Goose), an obsolete constellation by Hevelius in the 17th century, since merged into Vul. They are not separated here but merged, because the line of demarcation is not made clear.", "description": null, "semantics": [ "mammal" ] }, { "con": "Dien", "con_id": "CON Dien Vul_eq", "lines": [ [ 94532, 95473, 98232, 99554, 100750 ], [ 95473, 97575, 99505, 98064, 97575 ] ], "certainty": "alf Vul (and possibly 2 Vul) are marked as L'Oie (Lat: Anser, Eng: Goose), an obsolete constellation by Hevelius in the 17th century, since merged into Vul. They are not separated here but merged, because the line of demarcation is not made clear.", "description": null, "semantics": [ "mammal" ] }, { "con": "Gond", "con_id": "CON Gond 001", "lines": [ [ 67088, 65173, 62757 ], [ 59592, 53905, 53754, 57828, 59592 ] ], "certainty": "The lining of the three thieves is uncertain; since they are named not as individuals, but as a group, they are lined together.", "description": "The 4 stars are Katul, a cot with four legs made of precious metals: gold, silver, inferior silver and copper. The last 3 stars are called Kalher or Kalir and represent three thieves who want to steal the cot when the old lady falls asleep. Hence the old lady never sleeps, indicating that the constellation never sets. Saptarshi is the primary reference point from which all constellations are located.", "semantics": [ "group", "man-made object" ] }, { "con": "Gond", "con_id": "CON Gond 003", "lines": [ [ 25865, 26246, 26662 ] ], "certainty": "The lining is not certain. Tipan means plough in a newer source [vahia2014banjaraskolam] (Tipan or Trivpate are the same name in the co-located Kolam culture, denoting a plough) but is not called a plough in the primary Gond source [vahia2013gond]. The stars are joined into a chain here, like for the Kolam constellation CON kolam 003.", "description": null, "semantics": [ "group", "man-made object" ] }, { "con": "Gond", "con_id": "CON Gond 004", "lines": [ [ 25865, 26246, 26662 ], [ 26246, 26176, 26156, 26172 ] ], "certainty": "Identified in only one village. The lining between the belt and the sword is not specified; they are linked here into a T, which matches the plough shape.", "description": "It references farming activities.", "semantics": [ "man-made object" ] }, { "con": "Gond", "con_id": "CON Gond 008", "lines": [ [ 60530, 60893 ], [ 62239, 59565 ], [ 71456, 71456 ], [ 68483, 68483 ] ], "certainty": "Uncertain: only identified in one village, although the source [vahia2013gond] draws it explicitly on a star chart.", "description": "Besides the tree itself, alf Cen and bet Cen are old ladies (included, unconnected by lines), and other neighbouring small stars are seeds of Mahua --- the latter are not included.", "semantics": [ "plant", "group" ] }, { "con": "Gond", "con_id": "CON Gond 009", "lines": [ [ 25364, 22961, 24549, 28288, 25364 ] ], "certainty": "It is remembered in three villages. It is probably, but not certainly, Auriga (in one village it may be in Sagittarius).", "description": "A group of four stars in the shape of a quadrilateral.", "semantics": [ "landscape" ] }, { "con": "Gond", "con_id": "CON Gond 012", "lines": [ [ 49528, 49441, 50440 ], [ 54712, 49441, 54718 ] ], "certainty": "Detailed identification of the stars and their role in the constellation, although this constellation is identified in only one village. Lines are not drawn by the source; here, they follow the description of the body part, forming a realistic stick figure.", "description": "The body of a dead person with the head at eta Leo, one hand in Algieba, and the other in Regulus. The legs are del Leo and tet Leo.", "semantics": [ "humanoid" ] }, { "con": "Gond", "con_id": "CON Gond 013", "lines": [ [ 49496, 49528, 49441, 50440, 50193 ], [ 54789, 54712, 49441, 54718, 55476 ], [ 57459, 57459 ], [ 48318, 48318 ], [ 46014, 46014 ], [ 46617, 46617 ], [ 47772, 47772 ] ], "certainty": "Detailed identification of the stars and their role in the constellation, although this constellation is identified in only one village. Lines are not drawn by the source; here, they follow the description of the body part, forming a realistic stick figure.", "description": "The body of a dead person (CON Gond 012) supported by single stars: 4 pall bearers in Leo (at the extremities of the body), 4 unconnected criers in Leo, 1 unconnected carrier of funeral fire in Leo, and stars in Virgo (unspecified, so not included) which form the funeral procession. The procession moves from west to east. The Gond identify not only the body, but also the complete funeral procession of stars in order: Duf (the drum bearer), Shika (the procession leader), Murda (the dead body) and a group of 4 Ladavya (weeping women). This star combination is to the north (east?) of Scorpius (whose bite causes the Murda) and extends across the sky.", "semantics": [ "humanoid", "group" ] }, { "con": "Gond", "con_id": "CON Gond 014", "lines": [ [ 82144, 82263, 82477, 83885, 85965, 86804, 86991 ], [ 85665, 85665 ] ], "certainty": "Identified in only one village. Not drawn by the authors, only described in words.", "description": "The tail of Sco: a bright star in the centre of a circular pattern, with faint stars surrounding it. It represents the animal-powered large grinding circles used in villages. The centre is disconnected, and the circle is only an arc.", "semantics": [ "landscape" ] }, { "con": "Gond", "con_id": "CON Gond 015", "lines": [ [ 85665, 85436, 86403, 86804, 85965, 83885, 82477, 82263, 82144, 81020, 80519, 79870, 79164, 77868, 78029 ], [ 79870, 79134, 78580, 78165 ] ], "certainty": "Lining uncertain; the authors describe is as the same as the modern constellation of Scorpius. This line figure is the most naturalistic: H. A. Rey's, without the faintest two stars.", "description": "Michu is responsible for producing the dead body, Murda (CON Gond 012).", "semantics": [ "arthropod" ] }, { "con": "Gond", "con_id": "CON Gond 016", "lines": [ [ 107742, 108765, 110650, 111768, 108922, 112263, 113278, 114059, 111768 ] ], "certainty": "Identified in only one village. Lining is not drawn but the stars and their role in the figure are identified; this line figure follows this semantic (a vessel with a stick-like tool inside).", "description": null, "semantics": [ "man-made object" ] }, { "con": "Gond", "con_id": "CON Gond 017", "lines": [ [ 32263, 32263 ], [ 34354, 34354 ], [ 33492, 33492 ] ], "certainty": null, "description": "The myth of Purad (a bird) with Mes (two eggs) was recorded in one village: Orion throws a stone which will hit the bird, so that he can steal the eggs.", "semantics": [ "group" ] }, { "con": "Gwichin", "con_id": "CON Gwichin 001", "lines": [ [ 101767, 100128, 59592, 62757, 65173, 67088 ], [ 59592, 57828, 50230, 50655, 69451, 67711 ], [ 24549, 28288, 36744, 37718 ], [ 28288, 17661, 36744 ], [ 25364, 25364 ], [ 22961, 22961 ], [ 59592, 53905, 46600, 41586, 33362, 28288 ], [ 59592, 53754, 51312, 46720, 44000, 44343, 40959, 36744 ], [ 39734, 39734 ], [ 10041, 9618, 28288 ], [ 36744, 49528, 47373 ], [ 57828, 57226, 54380, 50655, 50230 ], [ 49528, 50440, 50193, 48318, 47772 ], [ 47373, 46259 ] ], "certainty": "Most stars are identified, and a pictograph is drawn in the source [cannon2021northerndene]. The line figure here follows the star path of each body part listed, connecting them. The stars are well-corroborated by several people. Legs and arms and a part of the cane are not identified, so are not represented by stars here (they are only crossed by lines). Star eta Leo from the cane is skipped here (it creates an angle that does not match the pictograph). It is not clear whether the abdomen should be delineated from the head with a neckline (bet Aur, alf Gem); that line is included here.", "description": "Yahdii spans more than 143 degrees across the sky and is a meta-, whole-sky constellation; the individual body parts are explicitly separated in a table as at least 16 asterisms. Best observable between late January and March in Alaska's early evening sky. Yahdii wears a single-strapped bag (native: va’ǫhtsùu) on his left side and holds a walking stick/spear/medicine staff (vatòo) in his left hand. The Milky Way (native: vatąįį) is his snow-packed trail that circles the world. He is crouched on all fours facing down over earth in a protective position. The low- altitude asterisms near the horizon (head, hands, feet, stick) are considered to be located closest to earth, while the stars near in the center of the sky (body, heart, tail) are the farthest away. The apparent rotation of stars through the sky is referred to as 'Yahdii is walking' (native: Yahdii ahaa) or 'Yahdii moves/travels over the span' (native: Yahdii geelee nideekhaa). Although described as part human and part animal, the specific type of animal is personal knowledge aligned with the individual's primary animal helper, acquired through dreams or the vision quest. The dim 'red star' depicting Yahdii’s heart (27 Lyn) is his soul or spirit. Seeing this faint star is equivalent to knowing his soul, or having spiritual awareness. The eyes (bet Tau, iot Aur) and heart are unconnected.", "semantics": [ "humanoid" ] }, { "con": "Gwichin", "con_id": "CON Gwichin 002", "lines": [ [ 74438, 71879, 69451 ] ], "certainty": "Certain.", "description": "A linear constellation of three morning stars which appear in sequence on the northeast horizon from mid-October to early December. They are used to determine the timing of subsistence activities at dawn. They are also regarded as light and untethered spirits ascending to heaven. One person explained that Yahdii walks each night until he sees Yeedàak Gahàajil, so there is conceptual unity between these two constellations.", "semantics": [ "group" ] }, { "con": "Huave", "con_id": "CON Huave 001", "lines": [ [ 21368, 20842, 20155, 20405, 20597, 20837 ] ], "certainty": null, "description": null, "semantics": [ "bird" ] }, { "con": "Huave", "con_id": "CON Huave 002", "lines": [ [ 25865, 26246, 26662, 25218, 25865 ], [ 26156, 25865 ] ], "certainty": "M42 is also said to be part of this constellation, but is not included here. The line figure is also reconnected such that all lines end in stars (which is not the case in the source for one line).", "description": "This represents a ceremonial object used in dance ceremonies: a baton with a red feather at one end, symbolising fire. This may have pre-colonial origins: the same constellation is also Aztec, called The New Fire (mamalhuaztli). A newwer meaning is that of the candelabra: a triangular light lit in church.", "semantics": [ "man-made object" ] }, { "con": "Huave", "con_id": "CON Huave 003", "lines": [ [ 36744, 37718 ] ], "certainty": null, "description": "Has post-colonial origins.", "semantics": [ "group" ] }, { "con": "Huave", "con_id": "CON Huave 004", "lines": [ [ 42990, 42195, 42283, 42680, 43113 ] ], "certainty": null, "description": null, "semantics": [ "arthropod" ] }, { "con": "Huave", "con_id": "CON Huave 005", "lines": [ [ 42792, 42437, 42687 ] ], "certainty": null, "description": null, "semantics": [ "arthropod" ] }, { "con": "Huave", "con_id": "CON Huave 006", "lines": [ [ 49528, 49441, 50440, 50193, 48318, 47772, 49441 ] ], "certainty": null, "description": "Probably a hunter figure from pre-colonial times, adapted at the time when fire arms were introduced.", "semantics": [ "humanoid" ] }, { "con": "Huave", "con_id": "CON Huave 007", "lines": [ [ 60776, 59621, 59134, 61166, 60776 ] ], "certainty": null, "description": "A marquee made out of wood and paper which decorates a domestic altar during religious events.", "semantics": [ "architecture" ] }, { "con": "Huave", "con_id": "CON Huave 008", "lines": [ [ 78165, 79870, 80519, 81020, 82144, 82263, 82477, 83885, 85965, 86804, 86403, 85665, 85436 ], [ 79134, 78580, 78165, 78029, 77868 ] ], "certainty": null, "description": "Said to be the same as the Western constellation. It is not clear whether it is a native or imported constellation; in any case, it is very well embedded in the Huave traditions.", "semantics": [ "arthropod" ] }, { "con": "Huave", "con_id": "CON Huave 009", "lines": [ [ 89906, 89653, 90217, 91754, 93213, 89906 ] ], "certainty": null, "description": null, "semantics": [ "mammal" ] }, { "con": "Huave", "con_id": "CON Huave 010", "lines": [ [ 60530, 60893 ], [ 62239, 59565 ] ], "certainty": null, "description": "Represents the cross on which Christ died.", "semantics": [ "geometric" ] }, { "con": "Huave", "con_id": "CON Huave 011", "lines": [ [ 45106, 42794 ], [ 45425, 40921 ] ], "certainty": null, "description": "Called this way because it has an irregular, oblique form.", "semantics": [ "geometric" ] }, { "con": "Huave", "con_id": "CON Huave 012", "lines": [ [ 71456, 68483 ] ], "certainty": null, "description": "Said to be the stairs used to crucify Christ.", "semantics": [ "architecture" ] }, { "con": "Huave", "con_id": "CON Huave 013", "lines": [ [ 4417, 3814, 3172, 744, 4417, 6672, 13234, 14292, 15824, 17316, 17487, 18485, 18567, 18201 ] ], "certainty": "In Cas, it was clearly meant eta Cas not eps Cas, acc. the chart in the source.", "description": null, "semantics": [ "reptile" ] }, { "con": "Huave", "con_id": "CON Huave 014", "lines": [ [ 11734, 74868 ], [ 72380, 79580 ] ], "certainty": null, "description": "This cross rotates around Polaris. It is not linked to any belief, and is not used to measure time, because of its northern latitude.", "semantics": [ "geometric" ] }, { "con": "Huave", "con_id": "CON Huave 015", "lines": [ [ 41586, 46600, 48182, 48265, 46720, 44000, 44120, 45557, 45728, 49451, 45557 ] ], "certainty": "Inserted 10 UMa into the figure, because it's clearly needed acc. the chart in the source.", "description": null, "semantics": [ "fish" ] }, { "con": "IAU", "con_id": "CON IAU And", "lines": [ [ 676, 3086, 5436, 9618 ], [ 113366, 116265, 116439, 116218 ], [ 116265, 1470, 2906, 3086 ], [ 2906, 5436, 4426, 3871, 5423, 7593 ], [ 3086, 3025, 3685, 4453 ] ], "certainty": null, "description": null, "semantics": [ "humanoid" ] }, { "con": "IAU", "con_id": "CON IAU Ant", "lines": [ [ 53347, 51027, 46382 ] ], "certainty": null, "description": null, "semantics": [ "man-made object" ] }, { "con": "IAU", "con_id": "CON IAU Aps", "lines": [ [ 72144, 80819 ], [ 79805, 81602, 80819 ] ], "certainty": null, "description": 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"CON IAU UMi", "lines": [ [ 11734, 85560, 81830, 76819, 79580, 74868, 72380, 76819 ] ], "certainty": null, "description": null, "semantics": [ "mammal" ] }, { "con": "IAU", "con_id": "CON IAU Vel", "lines": [ [ 42794, 39840, 44689, 46518, 50050, 52575, 48635, 45809, 42794 ] ], "certainty": null, "description": null, "semantics": [ "man-made object" ] }, { "con": "IAU", "con_id": "CON IAU Vir", "lines": [ [ 59945, 58773, 57208, 57584, 59945, 61748, 62890, 63405 ], [ 61748, 64034, 65269 ], [ 61748, 66040, 68302, 71994 ], [ 66040, 69479, 71731 ] ], "certainty": null, "description": null, "semantics": [ "humanoid" ] }, { "con": "IAU", "con_id": "CON IAU Vol", "lines": [ [ 44254, 41195, 39681, 35132, 34389, 39681, 44254 ] ], "certainty": null, "description": null, "semantics": [ "fish" ] }, { "con": "IAU", "con_id": "CON IAU Vul", "lines": [ [ 95473, 97575 ] ], "certainty": null, "description": null, "semantics": [ "mammal" ] }, { "con": "Iroquois", "con_id": "CON Iroquois 001", "lines": [ [ 59592, 57828, 53754, 53905, 59592 ] ], "certainty": null, "description": "In a story, a stone monster attacks a group of hunters. Only 3 survive (CON Iroquois 002). The bear is the bowl. All are carried to the sky. In the fall, the arrows pierce the bear's skin, making the sky red. In another story, a huge snow bear is eating the winter game of the Iroquois, so 3 brothers (CON Iroquois 002) chase the bear (the bowl) into the sky. The bear weaves an invisible net that it casts over the skies, and hides under it to rest (identified with CrB). When they reach the sleeping bear, the bear pushes the hunters away in the sky. The Iroquois (known as great runners) keep running into the sky, following the bear, who eludes them.", "semantics": [ "mammal" ] }, { "con": "Iroquois", "con_id": "CON Iroquois 002", "lines": [ [ 62757, 65173, 67088 ] ], "certainty": "This constellation is lined, to show the chase of the bear as a procession.", "description": "In a story, a stone monster attacks a group of hunters. Only 3 survive (Big Dipper's handle: the one nearest the bear carries a bow, the second a kettle, and the third gathers sticks). The bear (CON Iroquois 001) is the bowl. All are carried to the sky. In another story, a huge snow bear (CON Iroquois 001) is eating the winter game of the Iroquois, so 3 brothers (Big Dipper's handle) chase the bear into the sky. Alcor is a dog Ji-yeh. When they reach the sleeping bear, the bear pushes the hunters away in the sky. The Iroquois (known as great runners) keep running into the sky, following the bear, who eludes them.", "semantics": [ "group" ] }, { "con": "Iroquois", "con_id": "CON Iroquois 004", "lines": [ [ 75895, 75466, 76035, 76716, 77276, 77923, 78256 ] ], "certainty": "The source identifies it with IAU CrB. Since the shape of IAU CrB matches the semantics, the Western CrB line figure is drawn.", "description": "In celestial hunt stories, the bear (CON Iroquois 001) weaves an invisible net that it casts over the skies, and hides under it to rest.", "semantics": [ "man-made object" ] }, { "con": "Iroquois", "con_id": "CON Iroquois 003", "lines": [ [ 62757, 62757 ], [ 65173, 65173 ], [ 67088, 67088 ], [ 57828, 57828 ], [ 53754, 53754 ], [ 53905, 53905 ], [ 59592, 59592 ] ], "certainty": "This constellation has no lines, since all stars are individuals and no procession of hunters is described.", "description": "In a story, the bear is the Big Dipper bowl star closest to the North Star. The other stars are six hunters. Alcor is a kettle that one hunter carries.", "semantics": [ "group" ] }, { "con": "Java", "con_id": "CON Java 001", "lines": [ [ 26662, 26246, 25865 ], [ 26662, 26484, 26156, 26176, 27298 ], [ 26176, 24378 ] ], "certainty": "Identified and drawn in the source [van1885astronomie]. One star (marked 'c' in the source [van1885astronomie]) is replaced with sig Ori, which is the largest star in the area.", "description": "The Orion belt is the plough, and bet plus kap Ori are the oxen pulling the plough [van1885astronomie]. When the natives see the celestial plough rising in the east at dawn in an upright position, it means the plough must be used and it is time to start planting the fields. In contrast, when the plough is seen low in the west in the upside-down position, it means the end of harvesting season [khairuddin2021austronesian].", "semantics": [ "man-made object" ] }, { "con": "Java", "con_id": "CON Java 002", "lines": [ [ 68483, 71456 ] ], "certainty": "Identified but not drawn in [khairuddin2021austronesian]. The line is presumed based on the related Bugis constellation.", "description": null, "semantics": [ "humanoid" ] }, { "con": "Java", "con_id": "CON Java 003", "lines": [ [ 60530, 62239, 60893, 59565, 60530 ] ], "certainty": "Identified but not drawn in [khairuddin2021austronesian]. The polygon shape is presumed based on its identification with the Southern Cross in the same source.", "description": "It marks the direction of the south.", "semantics": [ "architecture" ] }, { "con": "Kalina", "con_id": "CON Kalina 004", "lines": [ [ 25364, 22961, 23361, 24549, 24052, 21423, 18201, 17406, 13221, 8053, 3814, 3172, 5423, 5436, 2906, 117913, 115711, 1363, 4426, 2914, 744, 4417, 6672, 7280, 14540, 15824, 19762, 23728, 28288, 27604, 24987, 24283, 25364 ] ], "certainty": "Eliminated one unnamed star between bet Per and chi Cas (which best matched M34, a galaxy) and two unidentified stars at the end of the tail.", "description": null, "semantics": [ "reptile" ] }, { "con": "Kalina", "con_id": "CON Kalina 005", "lines": [ [ 69451, 71879, 71058, 74438, 75895, 75466, 76035, 76716, 77276, 77923, 78256, 78223, 76433, 75182, 77524, 80880 ], [ 75182, 73327, 70851, 70828, 71058 ], [ 70851, 69510, 73467 ] ], "certainty": "Two faint stars at the end of lines (sig Her, i Boo A) are guesses, but match well in shape. Another star in drawn isolated inside the body, as an eye, but could not be identified, so is not added. No link is drawn in the source between rho Boo and sig Boo (the start of the tail) likely because they're too close together. A link appears logical and is added here, to close the polygon of the body.", "description": null, "semantics": [ "mammal" ] }, { "con": "Kalina", "con_id": "CON Kalina 006", "lines": [ [ 35806, 34943, 34354, 33888, 33492 ], [ 36811, 38062, 39644 ] ], "certainty": "The choice of ome CMa is guesswork: any star on a line between eta and del CMa would fit the drawing. Compared to the star names in the source, this replaced chi Pup with k2 Pup, and prolonged the chain in Puppis by one star (p Pup) in the other direction, since this fits the linear shape much more accurately.", "description": "These two lines represent the earrings. The face is the multitude of small, unidentified stars located between them, which are not linked by lines and are not added here.", "semantics": [ "body part" ] }, { "con": "Kalina", "con_id": "CON Kalina 008", "lines": [ [ 21368, 20842, 20155, 20405, 20837, 21368 ] ], "certainty": null, "description": null, "semantics": [ "mammal" ] }, { "con": "Kalina", "con_id": "CON Kalina 009", "lines": [ [ 27919, 26662 ], [ 26142, 27919 ], [ 25273, 26142 ], [ 25865, 25273 ], [ 25865, 24378 ], [ 26662, 26246, 25865 ] ], "certainty": "The belt zet, eps, del Ori is not explicitly linked together in the source, but likely only because of the lack of space. They are linked here.", "description": null, "semantics": [ "humanoid" ] }, { "con": "Kalina", "con_id": "CON Kalina 010", "lines": [ [ 60530, 62239, 60893, 59565, 60530 ] ], "certainty": null, "description": "The bird is followed by two hunters who are twins, alf and bet Cen (CON Kalina 011).", "semantics": [ "bird" ] }, { "con": "Kalina", "con_id": "CON Kalina 011", "lines": [ [ 71456, 71456 ], [ 68483, 68483 ] ], "certainty": "The two stars are not linked by a line in the drawing, so also not here.", "description": "The hunters are the twins Pia and Kanaima, the 'givers of culture'. Some villagers say, however, that alf Cen is the torch by means of which a single hunter lights his way.", "semantics": [ "group" ] }, { "con": "Kalina", "con_id": "CON Kalina 012", "lines": [ [ 101095, 101442, 101629, 102201, 101950, 101442 ] ], "certainty": null, "description": null, "semantics": [ "bird" ] }, { "con": "Kalina", "con_id": "CON Kalina 013", "lines": [ [ 53905, 53754, 57828, 59592, 62757, 65173, 67088 ] ], "certainty": "This is not drawn in the source, but is identified as the chariot of Ursa Major. It is not clear whether the rectangle should be open (as is here) or closed.", "description": null, "semantics": [ "man-made object" ] }, { "con": "Kiche", "con_id": "CON Kiche 001", "lines": [ [ 60530, 60893 ], [ 62239, 59565 ] ], "certainty": null, "description": "The name is explained: during Apr (the period when IAU Cru is most visible out of the sea and above the horizon) migrating Swainson's Hawks are carnivorous and prey on small mammals and reptiles.", "semantics": [ "geometric" ] }, { "con": "Kiche", "con_id": "CON Kiche 002", "lines": [ [ 92564, 91754, 89653, 88361 ], [ 90217, 89653, 89906, 89364 ] ], "certainty": null, "description": "Unlike Cru, this cross has been bent like corn plants before harvest (primary source from 1977).", "semantics": [ "geometric" ] }, { "con": "Kiche", "con_id": "CON Kiche 003", "lines": [ [ 97725, 97338, 96970, 95207, 93510 ], [ 95207, 93452 ], [ 95207, 97493, 99156 ], [ 92951, 93452 ], [ 93510, 93136 ] ], "certainty": "[tedlock1985hawks] draws this explicitly.", "description": null, "semantics": [ "bird" ] }, { "con": "Kiche", "con_id": "CON Kiche 004", "lines": [ [ 36744, 36744 ], [ 37718, 37718 ] ], "certainty": "Unlined, given the meaning.", "description": null, "semantics": [ "group" ] }, { "con": "Kiche", "con_id": "CON Kiche 005", "lines": [ [ 25865, 26246, 26662 ] ], "certainty": "Lined, given the meaning.", "description": null, "semantics": [ "group" ] }, { "con": "Kiche", "con_id": "CON Kiche 006", "lines": [ [ 26662, 24378, 27298, 26662 ] ], "certainty": "[tedlock1999maya] (Fig. 4, page 10) explicitly draws the triangle.", "description": "These represent the three stones surrounding the indoor cooking fire. The stars enclose nebula M42, which is seen as a smoky fire. This Mayan asterism is in their creation story Popol Vuh, and is still recognized now.", "semantics": [ "group" ] }, { "con": "Kiche", "con_id": "CON Kiche 007", "lines": [ [ 53905, 53754, 57828, 59592, 62757, 65173, 67088 ] ], "certainty": "Lining not certain: this follows the ladle semantic.", "description": "The ancient name for Big Dipper is 'Seven Macaw' (native: Vucub Caquix), found in some K'iche' dictionaries. In the Mayan creation story, Popol Vuh, this is a bird deity who climbs up a tree to proclaim himself the Sun, but is shot down by Hunahpu. Also called 'Bird', and the name of the bird incorporates the number seven.", "semantics": [ "man-made object", "bird" ] }, { "con": "Kiche", "con_id": "CON Kiche 008", "lines": [ [ 11734, 85560, 81830, 76819, 79580, 74868, 72380 ] ], "certainty": "Lining not certain: this follows the ladle semantic.", "description": "The name means 'ladle' or 'spoon'.", "semantics": [ "man-made object" ] }, { "con": "Kolam", "con_id": "CON Kolam 002", "lines": [ [ 67088, 67088 ], [ 65173, 65173 ], [ 62757, 62757 ], [ 59592, 53905, 53754, 57828, 59592 ] ], "certainty": "The three thieves are disconnected, as per description and an explicit drawing on slides by the authors (slides not public). This is unlike the variants of other tribes where the thieves are not individually named, so are lined into a procession. There are alternative semantics, since this is a group scene (four objects: a cot and three humans).", "description": "A cot (called Mandater) which three unconnected stars (a Kolam, a Gond, and a Pardhan chief, in order starting from the cot) are trying to steal. In only one village, there is an alternative semantic: a container with four edges; in early June, at sunset it is close to zenith and upside down, so pours out the rains (the remaining three stars are on their way to drink the water).", "semantics": [ "group", "man-made object" ] }, { "con": "Kolam", "con_id": "CON Kolam 003", "lines": [ [ 25865, 26246, 26662 ] ], "certainty": "The semantic is multidimensional: the plough semantic is recent and clear, but there is an additional (probably older and vague) hunting-related semantic. It also is confused for the line of 3 stars in Cygnus, CON Kolam 018. This version is the one the source appears to prefer.", "description": "Tivpate or Tipan (an instrument used to sow seeds) is known in almost all Kolam villages, although in two villages this plough is the sword of Orion, while the belt has the semantics of CON Kolam 018 (a tower of three pots). It is also known as the belt of a hunter, and the region around the Orion Nebula as a sword. (This may be a weak memory of the original Hindu myth which sees the entire Orion as a deer and the three stars of the belt as an arrow.) In one village, the entire Orion is included, not just the belt (but this structure is not identified). In another village, the region around Orion is a farming scene (like that around Sirius, alf CMa) with Medi, Kalave and Tandel or Aidal (a bull).", "semantics": [ "man-made object" ] }, { "con": "Kolam", "con_id": "CON Kolam 008", "lines": [ [ 60530, 60893 ], [ 62239, 59565 ], [ 71456, 71456 ], [ 68483, 68483 ] ], "certainty": "There are alternative semantics, since this is a group scene (three objects: a tree and two humans).", "description": "The only southern constellation recognised. Besides the tree itself, alf Cen is Murta (an old lady) and bet Cen is Kadma (a young lady), both there to collect flowers (they are included, unconnected). In one village, these two stars are instead called Oedda (man) and Pilla (woman). In one village, other neighbouring small stars are flowers of Mahua (Irup pokke) --- these are not identified so not included.", "semantics": [ "plant", "group" ] }, { "con": "Kolam", "con_id": "CON Kolam 011", "lines": [ [ 113603, 113521, 676, 1065, 113603 ] ], "certainty": "Slightly uncertain. The source states that Samdur may also be in Centaurus.", "description": "Samdur is the Great Square of Pegasus. The name means both the sea (badly pronounced) and an object where all points are equidistant. Five different animals are said to come to drink and feed there: Namli (a peacock), Barre (a buffalo), Pande (a frog), Mekam (a deer), and Gurram (a horse). The source suggests that the stars in the northeast in Pegasus are the deer, Cassiopeia the peacock, Aquila the horse, Cygnus the buffalo, and Pisces the frog.", "semantics": [ "landscape" ] }, { "con": "Kolam", "con_id": "CON Kolam 015", "lines": [ [ 85665, 85436, 86403, 86804, 85965, 83885, 82477, 82263, 82144, 81020, 80519, 79870, 78165 ] ], "certainty": "Uncertain in composition. The source says that they probably include some stars above the conventional Scorpius in this constellation, but these are not identified. The lining of the head is not specified, so this line figure makes no head, only links a single star from the IAU Sco head, δ_Sco, into a simple S-shaped line.", "description": null, "semantics": [ "reptile" ] }, { "con": "Kolam", "con_id": "CON Kolam 016", "lines": [ [ 85665, 85436, 86403, 86804, 85965, 83885, 82477, 82263, 82144, 81020, 80519, 79870, 79164, 77868, 78029 ], [ 79870, 79134, 78580, 78165 ] ], "certainty": "The lining is uncertain. This version is the simplest and most naturalistic for a scorpion: H. A. Rey's, minus two small stars in the tail.", "description": null, "semantics": [ "arthropod" ] }, { "con": "Kolam", "con_id": "CON Kolam 018", "lines": [ [ 101767, 100128, 95648 ] ], "certainty": "The stars in Cyg are not identified, but the authors (on slides) draw the pots over the Cyg backbone, so the 3 brightest backbone stars are chosen.", "description": "A group of three stars one on top of the other, representing three earthen-ware pots put on top of each other, and seen in the northeast after sunset in May-June.", "semantics": [ "group" ] }, { "con": "Korku", "con_id": "CON Korku 002", "lines": [ [ 67088, 67088 ], [ 65173, 65173 ], [ 62757, 62757 ], [ 59592, 53905, 53754, 57828, 59592 ] ], "certainty": "The three thieves are disconnected, because they are individually named.", "description": "The 4 stars are a cot (Sona Parkom) made of gold. The bed is deformed (not a perfect rectangle) since it is being pulled by one of the thieves. The thieves are individually named: eps UMa is thief 1 (Pahila Chor), zet01 UMa is thief 2 (Dusara Chor), and eta UMa is thief 3 (Tisara Chor. In 5 villages, thief 2 carries a water jug (g UMa, Alcor). In 4 villages, this constellation is used as a clock in the night.", "semantics": [ "group", "man-made object" ] }, { "con": "Korku", "con_id": "CON Korku 004", "lines": [ [ 25865, 26246, 26662 ], [ 24378, 24378 ], [ 27298, 27298 ], [ 27919, 27919 ] ], "certainty": "The 3 individuals (a person and 2 bullocks) are not lined because they are individually named, but the plough is lined. The plough is identified in all 12 villages, the bullocks in 7 villages, and the man in only 2 villages.", "description": "Orion's belt is Harnangar (a plough with 3 blades), bet and kap Ori are Doba 1 and 2 (bullocks), and alf Ori is Nangarnara manus (the man ploughing the field). ", "semantics": [ "group" ] }, { "con": "Korku", "con_id": "CON Korku 006", "lines": [ [ 21368, 20837, 20405, 20155 ], [ 25218, 25218 ], [ 20842, 20842 ] ], "certainty": "The star identification is not consistent and the star names sometimes incorrect in [vahia2016korku]. The pole is different in the village reports compared to Table 2. This is the identification (Bayer star names) from Table 2, which is more circular in shape. This constellation was only identified in 2 villages.", "description": "The circular ground for thrashing rice husk (Khiryan) is alf to gam Tau. The rope to control the bulls (Michan) is eta Ori. The central pole (Miryan) is tet02 Tau.", "semantics": [ "landscape" ] }, { "con": "Korku", "con_id": "CON Korku 007", "lines": [ [ 60530, 60893 ], [ 62239, 59565 ] ], "certainty": "Reported in only one village.", "description": "A dagger (katri) with a lemon at the tip, used in marriage ceremonies.", "semantics": [ "man-made object" ] }, { "con": "Korku", "con_id": "CON Korku 008", "lines": [ [ 60530, 60893 ], [ 62239, 59565 ] ], "certainty": "Reported in only one village.", "description": "The Mahua tree is a remarkably multifunctional native tree, highly prized by the Korku, and cultivated both on the plains and in the forest areas. It is thus surprising that this constellation is only reported by one village.", "semantics": [ "plant" ] }, { "con": "Korku", "con_id": "CON Korku 010", "lines": [ [ 25364, 22961, 23712, 24549, 28288, 28309, 25364 ], [ 36744, 36744 ], [ 37718, 37718 ] ], "certainty": "Kunva (the well) is identified only as 'Auriga', so only the big loop of Auriga is drawn here to match the well semantic.", "description": "The two water bearers (da Hinda) are female and named: alf Gem is Raike and bet Gem is Chaike.", "semantics": [ "architecture", "group" ] }, { "con": "Korku", "con_id": "CON Korku 017", "lines": [ [ 32263, 32263 ], [ 34354, 34354 ], [ 33492, 33492 ] ], "certainty": "A group, so no lines are drawn. There is an alternate, but imprecise identification: 'lam Ori and stars around it' [vahia2016korku], not included here.", "description": "alf CMa is the bird (Pankheru). The eggs (Bhori Aakom) are del CMa and eps CMa.", "semantics": [ "group" ] }, { "con": "Koyukon", "con_id": "CON Koyukon 001", "lines": [ [ 59592, 53905, 53754, 57828, 59592, 62757, 65173, 67088 ] ], "certainty": "Certain.", "description": "The Koyukon call the Big Dipper a man. According to legend, he argues fiercely with Raven and leaves for the sky, where he becomes Nosikghaltaala, a 'measurer of time'. The tip of the handle is his head, the rest of the handle is his back, and the two pointer stars of the bowl are his buttocks. It serves as the tribe's primary clock.", "semantics": [ "humanoid" ] }, { "con": "Koyukon", "con_id": "CON Koyukon 002", "lines": [ [ 11734, 47060, 42408, 41586 ], [ 67088, 65173, 62757, 59592, 53905, 53754, 57828, 59592 ], [ 42408, 46600, 53905 ], [ 41586, 44000, 44343, 45728, 50655, 54380, 57226, 57828 ], [ 57226, 61124, 62925 ], [ 44000, 40959 ], [ 45728, 47772, 50440 ] ], "certainty": "Most stars are identified, and a pictograph is drawn in the source [cannon2021northerndene]. The line figure here follows the star path of each body part listed, connecting them. pi2 UMa is not named in the text, but is in the drawing (so is included here). The head (31 Lyn) is linked here to the body, since a star is identified as the neck.", "description": "A large man-animal constellation composed of 15 groups of stars named as body parts. Like in the Sahtúot’įnę culture, most of the stars are extremely dim. The figure is much smaller than whole-sky: approximately 66 degrees at its greatest width between its left and right hands. It is centered on the Big Dipper as either the man's right leg (native: nełneyhts'ene' betl'ene') or his tail (native: bekaa). The dim star (31 Lyn) that composes the head is located near the heart of the Gwich'in, Ahtna, Upper Tanana, and Lower Tanana whole-sky constellations.", "semantics": [ "humanoid" ] }, { "con": "Lower Tanana", "con_id": "CON Lower Tanana 001", "lines": [ [ 67088, 65173, 62757, 59592, 53905, 53754, 57828, 59592 ], [ 53754, 54380, 55055, 118742, 57459, 54712 ], [ 57459, 54718 ], [ 57459, 55476 ], [ 53905, 56044, 61088, 72380, 74868, 83638, 85410, 87561 ], [ 40959, 44000, 44343, 46720, 53754 ], [ 53905, 46600, 41586, 28287, 23467, 17842, 8867, 4417, 744 ], [ 4417, 3172 ], [ 4417, 3814 ], [ 4417, 2914 ], [ 4417, 5530 ], [ 37718, 42687, 42792, 42990, 42195 ], [ 42990, 42680 ], [ 42990, 43113 ], [ 42990, 43689 ], [ 42990, 42283 ], [ 46259, 42990, 40411, 35253 ], [ 36744, 37718, 42984, 45728, 45557, 44120, 40959, 36744, 28287, 17661, 26386, 29582, 30270, 30810 ], [ 30270, 36744 ], [ 36044, 36044 ], [ 31751, 31751 ], [ 32088, 32088 ], [ 32394, 32394 ], [ 32758, 32758 ], [ 33398, 33398 ], [ 22961, 22961 ], [ 25364, 25364 ] ], "certainty": "Most stars are identified, and a pictograph is drawn in the source [cannon2021northerndene]. The line figure here follows the star path of each body part listed, connecting them. ", "description": "A whole-sky constellation associated with the Traveler, spans approximately 117 degrees and is composed of at least 25 groups of stars, of which 22 are named body parts. A man-animal figure, Nogheyoli's heart (native: bedraya') (21 Lyn) is the embodiment of the things that the Traveler worked with while transforming the world. He wears a backpack (native: beghala’) and holds a spear/walking stick/medicine staff (native: bedechena') in his left hand. The constellation is remarkable for its details: five dim stars outline his hair (native: begho'); his right hand is divided into smaller groups of stars for his palm (native: belok'a), fingers (native: belots'ula'), and thumb (native: belochetth); his left foot is composed to two smaller groups that distinguish his toes (native: bekalats'ula') and heel (native: bekatwtl). Nogheyoli is in a defensive posture overhead. His right arm and hand are extended to stave off a malevolent being (an unidentified constellation, as in the Gwich'in sky culture). The toes and heel of his left foot are splayed out like talons, while his right leg and foot appear human. His left hand grips his spear, with distinct thumb, fingers, and wrist. His ears are standing upright like that of an alert animal. Big Dipper is his tail (native: becha'). His heart (21 Lyn) is unconnected. The same for the 5 stars of his hair (psi Aur) and his eyes (iot Aur, bet Tau).", "semantics": [ "humanoid" ] }, { "con": "Madura", "con_id": "CON Madura 001", "lines": [ [ 68483, 71456 ] ], "certainty": null, "description": "Point to the south direction.", "semantics": [ "group" ] }, { "con": "Madura", "con_id": "CON Madura 002", "lines": [ [ 30365, 24549 ] ], "certainty": null, "description": "Point to the east or west direction.", "semantics": [ "group" ] }, { "con": "Madura", "con_id": "CON Madura 003", "lines": [ [ 60530, 62239, 60893, 59565, 60530 ] ], "certainty": null, "description": "Points to the south direction. Also used as a clock.", "semantics": [ "fish", "man-made object" ] }, { "con": "Madura", "con_id": "CON Madura 004", "lines": [ [ 25273, 25865, 26246, 26662, 27298 ], [ 26246, 24378 ] ], "certainty": null, "description": "Probably a regional constellation, given the parallel with the Javanese Plough.", "semantics": [ "man-made object" ] }, { "con": "Madura", "con_id": "CON Madura 005", "lines": [ [ 92881, 93530, 93819, 93865, 93710, 93248 ] ], "certainty": "Tenuous identification. Not described in any detail. Based on the name, it only uses the part of CrA which is circular.", "description": null, "semantics": [ "geometric" ] }, { "con": "Madura", "con_id": "CON Madura 006", "lines": [ [ 90979, 97338, 101767, 90979 ] ], "certainty": null, "description": "Points to the north direction.", "semantics": [ "geometric" ] }, { "con": "Malay", "con_id": "CON Malay 001", "lines": [ [ 24378, 25865, 26246, 26662 ] ], "certainty": "The exact below-belt stars are not identified. A spring-spear trap seems to have at least two connected linear elements [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Springing_branch_spear_trap.JPG]: a spear and a spring, rope, or trip wire. I thus draw it as two linear segments: the belt plus bet Ori (Rigel), connected at an angle. A conservative asterism would be only the belt, but the source says otherwise.", "description": "Orion's belt and below. Symbolizes a spring-spear trap that can be used to kill land animals of any size, from as big as an elephant to as small as a porcupine.", "semantics": [ "man-made object" ] }, { "con": "Malay", "con_id": "CON Malay 002", "lines": [ [ 60530, 62239, 60893, 59565, 60530 ] ], "certainty": "Lined as a stingray (rhombus), not as a cross. The description implies that the stingray also had a tail (in IAU Musca) but this is not identified any more.", "description": "Used as a marker for the southern direction in the past. Current people only recognize this constellation as pointing towards the south in a general manner: they do not use the (missing) tail of this constellation as a more precise direction of the south.", "semantics": [ "fish" ] }, { "con": "Malay", "con_id": "CON Malay 003", "lines": [ [ 67088, 65173, 62757, 59592, 53905, 11734, 85560, 81830, 76819, 72380 ] ], "certainty": "", "description": "Used to locate the north direction. The five stars that make up the long handles of both Big and Little Dipper are mapped out as the Biduk, a small paddle boat used for catching fish or ferrying goods on the river and coastal areas. Its keel allows it to cut across the waves, thus it is a sea-worthy vessel unlike other riverine vessels. This type of boat has a tall front, low back, and sometimes the paddler is standing. This may explain the shape of the figure.", "semantics": [ "man-made object" ] }, { "con": "Mandar", "con_id": "CON Mandar 001", "lines": [ [ 59016, 60893, 59565, 59016 ], [ 60530, 59565 ], [ 62239, 60893 ] ], "certainty": null, "description": "Is used as an indicator for the south. Five stars (including Crux) form a house with uneven foundations.", "semantics": [ "architecture" ] }, { "con": "Mandar", "con_id": "CON Mandar 006", "lines": [ [ 68483, 71456 ] ], "certainty": "Although the source doesn't link the two stars with a line, the equivalent Bugis data does. They are linked here.", "description": "A pair of stars just below the Slanted House, so also a sign for the south direction.", "semantics": [ "humanoid" ] }, { "con": "Mandar", "con_id": "CON Mandar 002", "lines": [ [ 86991, 85665, 85436, 86403, 86804, 85965, 85530, 84999, 88439, 90143, 89906, 89653, 92564, 91754, 90217, 89064, 89653, 88361, 86991 ] ], "certainty": "There is a triangular fin in the middle, and a tail at the back. The drawing in the source has a large open mouth, but the star for the back of the mouth is not identified (nor could we identify it), so none is included here (the mouth is instead closed).", "description": "Marks the entry of the northwest monsoon season.", "semantics": [ "fish" ] }, { "con": "Mandar", "con_id": "CON Mandar 003", "lines": [ [ 78580, 77868, 79870, 78580 ], [ 79870, 80519, 81020, 82144, 82263, 82477 ], [ 78165, 78165 ], [ 78029, 78029 ] ], "certainty": null, "description": "Marks the entry of the northwest monsoon season. It consists of a head (with two eyes, which are not linked by lines to the head) and a tail.", "semantics": [ "fish" ] }, { "con": "Mandar", "con_id": "CON Mandar 004", "lines": [ [ 53754, 53905, 56044, 61088, 68537, 70274 ], [ 57828, 59592 ], [ 62757, 62757 ], [ 65173, 67088 ] ], "certainty": null, "description": "Is used as an indicator of the entry of the cool season (between the two monsoons) and the appearance of the bambang fish. It consists of fishermen and a boat.", "semantics": [ "man-made object" ] }, { "con": "Mandar", "con_id": "CON Mandar 005", "lines": [ [ 26662, 26246, 25865 ], [ 22396, 22496, 22744 ] ], "certainty": "The stars are not linked into lines in the source, but are linked here, since they're described as being in line.", "description": "Two groups of stars that each have three stars in line. These stars are a mark towards the east from the Pleiades.", "semantics": [ "group" ] }, { "con": "Maricopa", "con_id": "CON Maricopa 001", "lines": [ [ 67088, 65173, 62757, 59592, 57828, 53754, 53905, 59592 ], [ 53905, 11734 ] ], "certainty": null, "description": "Coyote is the Big Dipper, and the net extends to UMi. Coyote holds the net at one end. When he hears fish jumping, he turns around, pulling the net behind him and making a bend in it (the slight bend in the Big Dipper handle).", "semantics": [ "man-made object" ] }, { "con": "Maricopa", "con_id": "CON Maricopa 002", "lines": [ [ 26662, 26662 ], [ 26246, 26246 ], [ 25865, 25865 ] ], "certainty": "It is not clear whether the stars should be linked by lines (they are not here). There's also an arrow (Orion's belt plus a top star) shot at the middle animal, also without wiring, and the arrow looks very crooked, so not drawn here.", "description": "The three stars are an antelope, a mountain sheep, and a deer. There is also an arrow going through, but not well identified. The Mountain Sheep Pursuer (Sirius) is stalking and has shot the mountain sheep.", "semantics": [ "group" ] }, { "con": "Maricopa", "con_id": "CON Maricopa 003", "lines": [ [ 97725, 97338, 96970 ] ], "certainty": null, "description": "Cold is a character in stories. The constellation appears at dawn in January and looks like the flowering part of cottonwood.", "semantics": [ "plant" ] }, { "con": "Maricopa", "con_id": "CON Maricopa 004", "lines": [ [ 8867, 6672, 4417, 3172, 744 ] ], "certainty": null, "description": null, "semantics": [ "arthropod" ] }, { "con": "Maricopa", "con_id": "CON Maricopa 005", "lines": [ [ 75895, 75895 ], [ 75466, 75466 ], [ 76035, 76035 ], [ 76716, 76716 ], [ 77276, 77276 ], [ 77923, 77923 ] ], "certainty": "The source doesn't wire the stars together, so this is unlined.", "description": null, "semantics": [ "group" ] }, { "con": "Maricopa", "con_id": "CON Maricopa 006", "lines": [ [ 91754, 92564, 93569, 93213, 91754, 90217, 89064 ] ], "certainty": null, "description": "Fox is Coyote's twin brother, and looks similar.", "semantics": [ "mammal" ] }, { "con": "Mikmaq", "con_id": "CON Mikmaq 001", "lines": [ [ 74438, 75895, 75466, 76035, 76716, 77276, 77923, 78256, 78223, 77420, 76433, 75182 ] ], "certainty": null, "description": "The bear (CON Mikmaq 002) is said to emerge from her den in the spring, and her spirit goes back into its den in the fall.", "semantics": [ "architecture" ] }, { "con": "Mikmaq", "con_id": "CON Mikmaq 002", "lines": [ [ 59592, 57828, 53754, 53905, 59592 ] ], "certainty": null, "description": "The bear is said to emerge from her den (CON Mikmaq 001) in the spring. During the summer, when she stands upright, seven hunters (CON Mikmaq 003) chase her. In the fall, with the bear lying on its back preparing for hibernation, several of the hunters drop out of the chase (below the horizon). The remaining hunters kill the bear. Through the winter, her skeleton lies upon its back in the sky, but her life spirit enters another bear who lies upon her back in the den, invisible and hibernating. The story repeats the next spring, and eternally.", "semantics": [ "mammal" ] }, { "con": "Mikmaq", "con_id": "CON Mikmaq 003", "lines": [ [ 62757, 65173, 67088, 70851, 71879, 69451, 67711 ] ], "certainty": null, "description": "The hunters represent birds, individually named. They chase the bear (CON Mikmaq 002). The second hunger carries a pot (Alcor, g UMa), so that, when the bear is killed, he may cook the meat. In the fall, several of the hunters drop out of the chase (below the horizon). The remaining hunters kill the bear. Blood splatters the robin (eps UMa), explaining the spot on its breast.", "semantics": [ "group" ] }, { "con": "Mikmaq", "con_id": "CON Mikmaq 004", "lines": [ [ 74868, 72380, 68892 ] ], "certainty": "The stars are not identified; these are the suggestion in [miller1997stars].", "description": "This is a second hunting scene in the sky. Acc. [hagar1900celestial], one Mi'kmaq remembered that his tribe once thought there was another bear hidden under the sky near the pole, and that the neighbouring stars were hunters circling around in a vain endeavour to locate its den. Both bears are mentioned in Le Clerq (1691): the Great and Little Bear, this being the earliest reference to these star groups.", "semantics": [ "group" ] }, { "con": "Mocovi", "con_id": "CON Mocovi 001", "lines": [ [ 75895, 75466, 76035, 76716, 77276, 77923, 78256, 75895 ] ], "certainty": null, "description": "This is a fence encircling a ranch.", "semantics": [ "landscape" ] }, { "con": "Mocovi", "con_id": "CON Mocovi 002", "lines": [ [ 25865, 25865 ], [ 26246, 26246 ], [ 26662, 26662 ] ], "certainty": "The lining is not certain; this is an unlined star group.", "description": "Three women, in some cases three widows.", "semantics": [ "group" ] }, { "con": "Mocovi", "con_id": "CON Mocovi 003", "lines": [ [ 45809, 42794, 40921, 45425, 45809 ] ], "certainty": "The lining is not drawn in the source, so not certain; the shape is described as a diamond.", "description": null, "semantics": [ "arthropod" ] }, { "con": "Mocovi", "con_id": "CON Mocovi 004", "lines": [ [ 92793, 93388, 93846, 94873, 94881 ] ], "certainty": "Replaced ξ1_Sgr from the description with the much brighter ξ2_Sgr, which matches the drawing better.", "description": "These stars form the crown of the tree; very faint stars form the trunk, and dark spots of the Milky Way form the roots. The tree is linked to a story about the abundance of goods, which can be obtained when signs appear near the tree.", "semantics": [ "plant" ] }, { "con": "Mocovi", "con_id": "CON Mocovi 005", "lines": [ [ 93213, 93569, 92564, 91754, 93213 ] ], "certainty": null, "description": "Represents a trunk used as a pan to ferment the carob, in particular the hole in the trunk through which the drink is taken out. It is located very close to CON Mocovi 004.", "semantics": [ "man-made object" ] }, { "con": "Mocovi", "con_id": "CON Mocovi 006", "lines": [ [ 85436, 85436 ], [ 85665, 85665 ] ], "certainty": "Lines not drawn in the source; a pair of stars", "description": "These stars are associated with a story about two little brothers abandoned in the mountains. They escape a powerful lady, the 'owner of the mountain', with help from two doves (CON Mocovi 007). Body parts of the dead lady are transformed into two dogs (CON Mocovi 008) which chase the owner of the rheas, Mañic (CON Mocovi 009).", "semantics": [ "group" ] }, { "con": "Mocovi", "con_id": "CON Mocovi 007", "lines": [ [ 82419, 82419 ], [ 82477, 82477 ] ], "certainty": "Lines not drawn in the source; a pair of stars", "description": "These stars are associated with the story about two little brothers (CON Mocovi 006) abandoned in the mountains. They escape a powerful lady, the 'owner of the mountain', with help from two doves.", "semantics": [ "group" ] }, { "con": "Mocovi", "con_id": "CON Mocovi 008", "lines": [ [ 71456, 71456 ], [ 68483, 68483 ] ], "certainty": "Lines not drawn in the source; a pair of stars", "description": "These stars are former body parts of the dead lady killed by two little brothers (CON Mocovi 006); these body parts are transformed into two dogs which chase the owner of the rheas, Mañic (CON Mocovi 009).", "semantics": [ "group" ] }, { "con": "Mocovi", "con_id": "CON Mocovi 009", "lines": [ [ 60530, 60893 ], [ 62239, 59565 ] ], "certainty": "The lining is not given in the source; this is lined as a cross.", "description": "The dogs (CON Mocovi 008) chase the rhea. There is also a dark Mañic, which corresponds to a series of dark spots along an extensive area of the Milky Way, and the dogs take it by the neck.", "semantics": [ "bird" ] }, { "con": "Mocovi", "con_id": "CON Mocovi 010", "lines": [ [ 21368, 20842, 20155, 20405, 20837 ] ], "certainty": null, "description": "This reflects a Christian tradition implanted in the Chaco, in the communities linked to the Santuario de la Virgen de la Laguna. These asterisms are three triangle-shaped variants that reproduce the profile of the Virgin with her mantle.", "semantics": [ "humanoid" ] }, { "con": "Mocovi", "con_id": "CON Mocovi 011", "lines": [ [ 103804, 103684, 104028, 104625 ] ], "certainty": null, "description": "This reflects a Christian tradition implanted in the Chaco, in the communities linked to the Santuario de la Virgen de la Laguna. These asterisms are three triangle-shaped variants that reproduce the profile of the Virgin with her mantle.", "semantics": [ "humanoid" ] }, { "con": "Mocovi", "con_id": "CON Mocovi 012", "lines": [ [ 105540, 105698, 106381, 107213, 106642, 105175 ] ], "certainty": null, "description": "This reflects a Christian tradition implanted in the Chaco, in the communities linked to the Santuario de la Virgen de la Laguna. These asterisms are three triangle-shaped variants that reproduce the profile of the Virgin with her mantle.", "semantics": [ "humanoid" ] }, { "con": "Nicobars", "con_id": "CON Nicobars 001", "lines": [ [ 67088, 65173, 62757 ], [ 59592, 53905, 53754, 57828, 59592 ] ], "certainty": "The line figure is drawn disconnected into its 2 components (box and ladder), since the descriptions appear to consider them separate objects in a scene. This constellation is documented in 7 villages.", "description": "In Pilpillow village on Nancowry Island, the first 4 stars (Ungyanga) form the basket to keeps the hens safe and, the trailing 3 stars form the ladder to climb to the basket. In Taeela village on Chowra Island, this constellation is called Honrulohotam; the 4 stars (Lenob) are a basket to keep hens, and the 3 trailing stars make a ladder. Similar descriptions and names from Kalasi, Minyuk, and Bengali villages on Teressa Island. In Munak village on Camorta Island, the 4 leading stars (Uyav) are the coconut tree, and the trailing 3 (Inoat or Dav) are the tool to cut coconut from the tree.", "semantics": [ "man-made object" ] }, { "con": "Nicobars", "con_id": "CON Nicobars 002", "lines": [ [ 60530, 60893 ], [ 62239, 59565 ] ], "certainty": "Lined according to the cross and dagger semantics, both a cross shape. This constellation is documented in 7 villages.", "description": "Kuras is the name on Teressa Island (where it is used as a compass and a clock), and Mian on Camorta Island.", "semantics": [ "geometric", "man-made object" ] }, { "con": "Nicobars", "con_id": "CON Nicobars 003", "lines": [ [ 25865, 26246, 26662 ] ], "certainty": "This constellation is documented in 5 villages.", "description": "Konseu or Konseu‐a is the name on Teressa Island, with the variant Kenseu on Chowra Island.", "semantics": [ "man-made object" ] }, { "con": "Pardhi", "con_id": "CON Pardhi 002", "lines": [ [ 67088, 67088 ], [ 65173, 65173 ], [ 62757, 62757 ], [ 59592, 53905, 53754, 57828, 59592 ] ], "certainty": "The three thieves are disconnected, because they are individually named.", "description": "The rectangular cot of the old lady is called Budinu Khatalu. The three stars are called (in 6 villages) Three Thieves (Taran chor); in only 1 village, they are called Three Dead Men (Melela manas), and in another village Three Birds (individually named by their species: eps UMa is Teetar, zet UMa is Bater, and eta UMa is Lawada). In 2 other villages, they are three people from the Pardhi tribe, individually named: eps UMa is Chavandeyo (a person from the Gaon Pardhi tribe with the surname Chauhan who worshipped the goddess Chavanda), zet UMa is Khodyaryo or Pimplajyo (a person from the Gaon Pardhi tribe with the surname Solanke who worshipped the goddess Pimpalaj or Khodyar Devi), and eta UMa is Korobyo (a person from the Gaon Pardhi tribe with the surname Pawar who worshipped the goddess Korobyo).", "semantics": [ "group", "man-made object" ] }, { "con": "Pardhi", "con_id": "CON Pardhi 003", "lines": [ [ 25865, 26246, 26662 ] ], "certainty": "Lining is uncertain; the deer are not individually named, so the figure is lined here like Orion's belt, which it is identified with in the source.", "description": null, "semantics": [ "group" ] }, { "con": "Pardhi", "con_id": "CON Pardhi 005", "lines": [ [ 21368, 20842, 20155, 20405, 20597, 20837 ], [ 20155, 18677 ] ], "certainty": "Drawn explicitly on the authors' slides (slides not public) as a Y shape, supported in the source by pictures of real nets.", "description": "A triangular-shaped net for trapping birds, naturalistically drawn. This is the V of Taurus, plus one handle star.", "semantics": [ "man-made object" ] }, { "con": "Pardhi", "con_id": "CON Pardhi 015", "lines": [ [ 85665, 85436, 86403, 86804, 85965, 83885, 82477, 82263, 82144, 81020, 80519, 79870, 78165 ] ], "certainty": "Uncertain in star composition. The source only identifies this as Scorpius, and does not identify the stars. This line figure is thus a simple S-shaped line, only using a single star from the IAU Sco head, del Sco.", "description": null, "semantics": [ "reptile" ] }, { "con": "Pardhi", "con_id": "CON Pardhi 019", "lines": [ [ 20590, 20590 ], [ 20659, 20659 ] ], "certainty": "Uncertain: it could be either this pair of stars, or another in Auriga (variant CON Pardhi 020).", "description": null, "semantics": [ "group" ] }, { "con": "Pawnee", "con_id": "CON Pawnee 001", "lines": [ [ 74438, 75083, 75466, 76035, 76716, 77276, 77923, 78256, 78223, 77420, 76433, 75182, 74438 ] ], "certainty": null, "description": "An additional star (002) sits in the middle of the circle of 001, to tend the fire and run errands for the chiefs.", "semantics": [ "group" ] }, { "con": "Pawnee", "con_id": "CON Pawnee 003", "lines": [ [ 67088, 65173, 62757, 59592, 57828, 53754, 53905, 59592 ] ], "certainty": "It is not clear whether Alcor should be included in the constellation (it isn't now). The line figure at the dipper handle is also not clear: here, the handle is lined and connected to the stretcher, but a separate line of 3 stars, or an unconnected group of 3 stars, may be more accurate.", "description": "A stretcher (the bowl of the dipper) on which the stars carry an old man who fell ill. Three mourners (the medicine man, the wife, and the errand man) follow in a procession (including a dog represented by the faint star Alcor).", "semantics": [ "man-made object", "group" ] }, { "con": "Pawnee", "con_id": "CON Pawnee 004", "lines": [ [ 11734, 85560, 81830, 76819, 79580, 74868, 72380, 76819 ] ], "certainty": "The line figure at the dipper handle is not clear: here, the handle is lined and connected to the stretcher, but a separate line of 3 stars, or an unconnected group of 3 stars, may be more accurate.", "description": "A stretcher (the bowl of the dipper) on which the stars carry a young being who fell ill. The identity of the mourners is not explained.", "semantics": [ "man-made object", "group" ] }, { "con": "Pawnee", "con_id": "CON Pawnee 005", "lines": [ [ 85665, 85436 ] ], "certainty": "Uncertain whether a line should be drawn at all. This could be a star group instead.", "description": "Marks the beginning of spring.", "semantics": [ "group" ] }, { "con": "Pawnee", "con_id": "CON Pawnee 006", "lines": [ [ 78165, 79870, 80519, 81020, 82144, 82263, 82477, 83885, 85965, 86804, 86403 ] ], "certainty": "It is not clear whether there's a head to the snake (here, none: the figure is a long coiled line).", "description": "Said to be a snake who protected Bright Star (Venus) during the creation story from Great Star (Mars). The latter passes through IAU Sco, and could be seen as slaying this serpent.", "semantics": [ "reptile" ] }, { "con": "Pawnee", "con_id": "CON Pawnee 007", "lines": [ [ 744, 3172, 4417, 6672, 8867 ] ], "certainty": "Line figure not provided, but [miller1997stars, chamberlain1982stars] implies that it is the typical W shape.", "description": "A rabbit seen from behind, with the bent legs forming the shape.", "semantics": [ "mammal" ] }, { "con": "Pawnee", "con_id": "CON Pawnee 008", "lines": [ [ 26662, 26246, 25865 ] ], "certainty": "Uncertain star composition: said in [miller1997stars] to be a set of stars, likely Orion's belt, or that plus the sword and Betelgeuse. This is only the belt.", "description": null, "semantics": [ "group" ] }, { "con": "Pawnee", "con_id": "CON Pawnee 009", "lines": [ [ 101767, 100128, 102157 ], [ 100128, 95648 ], [ 100128, 96858 ] ], "certainty": "Uncertain; suggested to be the Western asterism of the Northern Cross.", "description": "Drawn on the forehead of a warrior in certain rituals, when feathers are also placed on his head.", "semantics": [ "body part" ] }, { "con": "Pawnee", "con_id": "CON Pawnee 010", "lines": [ [ 101095, 101442, 101629, 102201 ], [ 101950, 101950 ] ], "certainty": "Line figure not provided in the sources. This is a bow shape; the unconnected star del Del may also need to be connected somehow.", "description": "Represents the bow that Great Star (Mars) gave the Skidi for hunting.", "semantics": [ "man-made object" ] }, { "con": "Pawnee", "con_id": "CON Pawnee 011", "lines": [ [ 26386, 21368, 20842, 20155, 20405, 20837, 21828 ] ], "certainty": "The V shape in Taurus. Figure 1 on the Pawnee map, or bottom left on p. 281 in [buckstaff1927stars].", "description": null, "semantics": [ "other" ] }, { "con": "Pawnee", "con_id": "CON Pawnee 012", "lines": [ [ 27919, 25273, 24378, 27298, 27919 ] ], "certainty": "The rectangle around Orion's belt. Figure 2 on the Pawnee map, or top left on p. 281 in [buckstaff1927stars].", "description": null, "semantics": [ "other" ] }, { "con": "Romania", "con_id": "CON Romania UMa", "lines": [ [ 67088, 65173, 62757, 59592, 53905, 53754, 57828, 59592 ] ], "certainty": "This only includes the Big Dipper asterism, not the larger UMa.", "description": "It is said that the Emperor Trajan transported the Dacian prisoners to Rome with the Great Chariot, and the Dacian captains with the Little Chariot. There is also a Romanian legend explaining that God made this chariot move backwards to humble the charioteer.", "semantics": [ "man-made object" ] }, { "con": "Romania", "con_id": "CON Romania C3i", "lines": [ [ 24549, 23712, 23361, 23398, 23712 ] ], "certainty": "Despite the group semantic, the stars are indeed lined: the three fainter stars into a triangle, which is linked to alf Aur.", "description": null, "semantics": [ "group" ] }, { "con": "Romania", "con_id": "CON Romania Csa", "lines": [ [ 116361, 105691, 104861, 106916, 109146, 110645 ] ], "certainty": "[crtro] uses an invisible star to create a naturalistic handle to the tool; this is not included here. Only stars identified in [otescu1907] are included.", "description": "Traditional Romanian constellations that represent agricultural tools resemble (are naturalistic for) that tool.", "semantics": [ "man-made object" ] }, { "con": "Romania", "con_id": "CON Romania Tdz", "lines": [ [ 8867, 6672, 4417, 2592, 744 ], [ 6672, 5530 ], [ 4417, 3172 ] ], "certainty": null, "description": "The second name is because a monastery is also God's seat or chair. The names illustrate the religious component of the Romanian peasant view upon the sky.", "semantics": [ "man-made object" ] }, { "con": "Romania", "con_id": "CON Romania Hra", "lines": [ [ 75895, 75466, 76035, 76716, 77276, 77923, 78256, 75895 ] ], "certainty": null, "description": "Hora is a traditional Romanian folk dance, a symbol for the joy of life and for group membership, probably corresponding to an ancient ritual around the wheel of life.", "semantics": [ "group" ] }, { "con": "Romania", "con_id": "CON Romania Fap", "lines": [ [ 96970, 97338, 97725 ] ], "certainty": null, "description": "Altair is the girl. The other two stars form a yoke that supports the pails in which she carries water in order to refresh the souls of the sinful dead in hell.", "semantics": [ "humanoid", "bird" ] }, { "con": "Romania", "con_id": "CON Romania Cio", "lines": [ [ 90979, 91684, 92502, 92902, 92133, 91684 ] ], "certainty": null, "description": "Vega is the shepherd, and the four stars which seem to follow him, forming a quadrilateral, are the sheep.", "semantics": [ "group" ] }, { "con": "Romania", "con_id": "CON Romania Jgb", "lines": [ [ 9618, 5436, 3086, 676, 113521, 113603 ], [ 676, 1065 ] ], "certainty": null, "description": "The alternative name The Bell Board is a religious ritual object of great significance for Orthodox Christians.", "semantics": [ "architecture", "man-made object" ] }, { "con": "Romania", "con_id": "CON Romania UMi", "lines": [ [ 11734, 85560, 81830, 76819, 79580, 74868, 72380, 76819 ] ], "certainty": null, "description": "It is said that the Roman Emperor Trajan transported the Dacian prisoners to Rome with the Great Chariot, and the Dacian captains with the Little Chariot.", "semantics": [ "man-made object" ] }, { "con": "Romania", "con_id": "CON Romania Gem", "lines": [ [ 36744, 37718 ] ], "certainty": "Only the two heads are documented in the text of [otescu1907], and on the chart in [crtro].", "description": "The Romanians call these stars Romulus and Remus, reminiscent of the formation of Rome.", "semantics": [ "group" ] }, { "con": "Romania", "con_id": "CON Romania Pma", "lines": [ [ 102157, 100128, 96858 ], [ 101767, 100128, 97799, 95648 ] ], "certainty": "This line figure matches [crtro], so it does not include the end stars on the wings of modern Cyg.", "description": "Romanian peasants recognized in the Cygnus constellation the huge cross on which Jesus Christ was crucified.", "semantics": [ "geometric" ] }, { "con": "Romania", "con_id": "CON Romania Pmi", "lines": [ [ 101095, 101442, 102201 ], [ 101950, 101629 ] ], "certainty": null, "description": "This represents the beautifully adorned cross carried by the Orthodox priests from house to house at the beginning of the new year.", "semantics": [ "geometric" ] }, { "con": "Romania", "con_id": "CON Romania Cap", "lines": [ [ 107213, 106845, 106381, 105540, 102647, 102154, 100020, 99743, 103804, 105175, 106642, 107213 ] ], "certainty": "This includes alf02 Cap, which should be there according to both sources.", "description": "In the Romanian peasant imagination, when lightning strikes this sky region, rainy weather will surely follow.", "semantics": [ "mammal" ] }, { "con": "Romania", "con_id": "CON Romania Rac", "lines": [ [ 43939, 42792, 42687, 42984 ], [ 40411, 42792 ] ], "certainty": null, "description": "A legend of the peasants in Argeș county says that while Jesus was on the cross, his torturers wanted to stick a nail in his navel. A crayfish came out of nowhere and stole the nail, thus thwarting their plan. In gratitude, Jesus blessed the animal by placing it in the sky.", "semantics": [ "arthropod" ] }, { "con": "Romania", "con_id": "CON Romania Cal", "lines": [ [ 49528, 54718, 57459, 54712, 50440, 49441, 49528 ], [ 50440, 50193, 48318, 47772 ] ], "certainty": null, "description": null, "semantics": [ "mammal" ] }, { "con": "Romania", "con_id": "CON Romania Dra", "lines": [ [ 87314, 87561, 85410, 85567, 87314, 94081, 97124, 94352, 89660, 83638, 80089, 78290, 75229, 68537, 61088, 56044 ] ], "certainty": null, "description": "This dragon is not the usual snake, but the local Zmeu or Balaur: a fearsome character in Romanian folk tales and ballads, which fights with Prince Charming.", "semantics": [ "reptile" ] }, { "con": "Romania", "con_id": "CON Romania Crb", "lines": [ [ 60776, 59621, 59134, 59020, 61166, 60776 ] ], "certainty": null, "description": "In the Romanian peasant vision, the bird (together with The Dove) is linked to the tradition of Noah and the ark: the bird was sent to look for land after the flood.", "semantics": [ "bird" ] }, { "con": "Romania", "con_id": "CON Romania Cat", "lines": [ [ 73486, 76100, 74556, 72396, 73486 ] ], "certainty": null, "description": "In Romanian tales about the sky and stars, these are the scales used by Christ to weigh the sins of the people.", "semantics": [ "man-made object" ] }, { "con": "Romania", "con_id": "CON Romania Vir", "lines": [ [ 65269, 61748, 59945, 57584, 57208, 58415, 58773 ], [ 61748, 62890, 66040, 65269 ], [ 73270, 72404, 71994, 73123, 71606, 68302, 66040 ], [ 62890, 63405 ] ], "certainty": "The shape of this line figure doesn't follow the IAU Vir lines, but is consistent in the Romanian sources.", "description": "The constellation is associated with the Virgin Mary. Spica is her heart.", "semantics": [ "humanoid" ] }, { "con": "Romania", "con_id": "CON Romania Psc", "lines": [ [ 113529, 114609, 115376, 116562, 117900, 3778, 4896, 5725, 6993, 7869, 8814, 9467, 8183, 7083, 5559, 5121, 5574, 6179, 5730, 5559 ], [ 113529, 115465, 116405, 117900 ] ], "certainty": "The chart at [crtro] for this constellation is incorrect (it shows a different constellation). This line figure is then from [otescu1907].", "description": "These are the two fish that Jesus fed to thousands of people.", "semantics": [ "fish" ] }, { "con": "Romania", "con_id": "CON Romania Ber", "lines": [ [ 8813, 8884, 9861, 13176, 13880, 14802 ], [ 13880, 15072 ] ], "certainty": null, "description": "Only the horns of the animal are seen.", "semantics": [ "mammal", "body part" ] }, { "con": "Romania", "con_id": "CON Romania Cma", "lines": [ [ 32263, 30251, 30049, 33492, 33769, 35806 ], [ 33492, 32263 ] ], "certainty": null, "description": null, "semantics": [ "mammal" ] }, { "con": "Romania", "con_id": "CON Romania Ctl", "lines": [ [ 37173, 36087 ] ], "certainty": null, "description": null, "semantics": [ "mammal" ] }, { "con": "Romania", "con_id": "CON Romania Vca", "lines": [ [ 67246, 67711, 71569, 71899, 71879, 74438, 73327, 70851, 70828, 71879, 67711, 67063 ], [ 74438, 75182, 75811 ], [ 70851, 69510, 69261 ], [ 70274, 69510 ] ], "certainty": "Note that alf Boo is not linked in, unlike in IAU Boo.", "description": "It is said to take care of the seven oxes identified in the brightest stars of Ursa Major.", "semantics": [ "humanoid" ] }, { "con": "Romania", "con_id": "CON Romania Prb", "lines": [ [ 28127, 29734 ], [ 26569, 28127, 27559, 25794 ] ], "certainty": "Matches [otescu1907] instead of [crtro] (the shape is the same, but [otescu1907] uses bigger stars).", "description": "In the Romanian peasant vision, the bird (together with The Raven) is linked to the tradition of Noah and the ark: the bird was sent to look for land after the flood.", "semantics": [ "bird" ] }, { "con": "Romania", "con_id": "CON Romania Var", "lines": [ [ 102293, 102287, 102714, 105936, 108728, 110049, 110614, 110326 ], [ 111147, 110614 ], [ 110049, 112601, 114577, 114670, 117388, 117354, 116535, 115073, 112776, 112357, 108793, 105936 ], [ 110049, 109927, 108793 ], [ 117262, 116535 ] ], "certainty": "Matches the shape in [otescu1907], so is entirely connected.", "description": null, "semantics": [ "humanoid" ] }, { "con": "Romania", "con_id": "CON Romania Chi", "lines": [ [ 10300, 11457, 12795, 13920, 14100, 12673, 12062, 11457 ], [ 12673, 12355, 10618, 8628, 11318, 12357, 12737, 11755, 11318 ], [ 8628, 6523, 5353, 8087, 8628 ], [ 8760, 8087 ], [ 5353, 3413, 1559 ] ], "certainty": null, "description": null, "semantics": [ "fish" ] }, { "con": "Romania", "con_id": "CON Romania Rar", "lines": [ [ 25273, 25865, 26246, 26662, 27298, 24378, 25865 ] ], "certainty": null, "description": null, "semantics": [ "man-made object" ] }, { "con": "Romania", "con_id": "CON Romania Sec", "lines": [ [ 26172, 26170, 26134, 25858, 25184, 24614 ] ], "certainty": "Excludes the 7th, faint star in Orion's sword at one end of the sickle, which is called for in the sources but not clearly identifiable. It may be meant to be a star cluster in that region.", "description": null, "semantics": [ "man-made object" ] }, { "con": "Romania", "con_id": "CON Romania Sfm", "lines": [ [ 26662, 26246, 25865 ], [ 24378, 26246 ] ], "certainty": null, "description": "The tip of the auger is Betelgeuse, facing Pollux, star associated by Romanians with a treasure. The peasants believed that when the end of the world is near, the auger will pierce the treasure, releasing gold and solver brightness, but drying the world of water.", "semantics": [ "man-made object" ] }, { "con": "Romania", "con_id": "CON Romania Tau", "lines": [ [ 21368, 20842, 20155, 20405, 20837, 21368 ] ], "certainty": "The triangle is closed, as shown in the sources. It represents only the head of the bull.", "description": null, "semantics": [ "mammal", "body part" ] }, { "con": "Romania", "con_id": "CON Romania Omu", "lines": [ [ 79750, 80880, 81583, 84122, 84348, 84853, 87537, 86148 ], [ 81583, 81444, 82952, 84122 ], [ 81444, 80571, 79928 ], [ 82952, 85433, 86705, 87661, 88517, 88540, 88254 ] ], "certainty": null, "description": "Associated with a hero (Prince Charming) who had to fight in the sky with the Balaur or Dragon constellation, and with the devil.", "semantics": [ "humanoid" ] }, { "con": "Romania", "con_id": "CON Romania Sar", "lines": [ [ 78316, 77426, 76616, 77214, 77836, 76997, 77214, 77426 ], [ 76997, 76044, 76835, 77386, 79352, 79640, 81130, 83755, 85494, 85998, 87775, 89684, 92654, 88494, 85769, 82745, 80637, 79352 ], [ 85769, 86475, 85096 ], [ 86475, 86839, 87920, 88018, 88327 ], [ 87877, 87920 ] ], "certainty": null, "description": "Identified with the serpent who tempted Eve. Another name for this constellation is the Road of the Lost Men, on which the sinners will wander, bewildered at the second coming of Christ.", "semantics": [ "reptile", "landscape" ] }, { "con": "Romania", "con_id": "CON Romania Sco", "lines": [ [ 74628, 76235, 76365, 77868, 78029, 78165, 78580 ], [ 78165, 80519, 81020, 82144, 82263 ] ], "certainty": null, "description": "For Romanian peasants, who didn't know much about scorpions, this constellation represents Scorpia, a female-gendered fearsome monster with big, dangerous claws, thirsty for blood, who was thrown by the devil in front of the daring human who was trying to reach God [crtro].", "semantics": [ "arthropod" ] }, { "con": "Romania", "con_id": "CON Romania Bar", "lines": [ [ 18201, 18567, 18485, 17406, 18201 ], [ 18485, 15824, 14292, 13234, 13497, 12744, 14596, 15824, 14632, 14540, 14318 ], [ 13221, 14540 ] ], "certainty": null, "description": "In a Romanian sky legend, the axe is used by a charioteer to smash the head of a dead person which was thrown in front of him by the devil. The alternative name (Devil's Chariot) links to beliefs that this chariot used to transport the soil of the sinners to hell.", "semantics": [ "man-made object" ] }, { "con": "Romania", "con_id": "CON Romania Arc", "lines": [ [ 91754, 89906, 89653, 90217, 91754, 92564 ], [ 90217, 91824, 92793, 93388, 93846, 94525, 94873 ] ], "certainty": null, "description": "In Romanian traditions, the archer is seen as a Roman soldier.", "semantics": [ "humanoid" ] }, { "con": "Romania", "con_id": "CON Romania Trf", "lines": [ [ 26662, 26246, 25865 ] ], "certainty": null, "description": "In Romanian traditions, the saints are the so-called hierarchs: Vasile, Grigore, Ioan. Other documented names include The Three Kings (from the East), The Three Magi. Other local names recall a belt and sword, as in Western tradition.", "semantics": [ "group" ] }, { "con": "Ruelle", "con_id": "CON Ruelle UMi", "lines": [ [ 11734, 85560, 81830, 76819, 79580, 74868, 72380, 76819 ] ], "certainty": null, "description": null, "semantics": [ "mammal" ] }, { "con": "Ruelle", "con_id": "CON Ruelle Dra", "lines": [ [ 56044, 61088, 68537, 75229, 78290, 80089, 83638, 85939, 89630, 94081, 94786, 92225, 87314, 85410, 87561, 87314 ], [ 80406, 80089 ], [ 80406, 83638 ] ], "certainty": null, "description": null, "semantics": [ "reptile" ] }, { "con": "Ruelle", "con_id": "CON Ruelle Cam", "lines": [ [ 23467, 22730, 32778, 23467 ], [ 32778, 33017 ] ], "certainty": null, "description": null, "semantics": [ "mammal" ] }, { "con": "Ruelle", "con_id": "CON Ruelle Cas", "lines": [ [ 744, 3172, 4417, 6672, 8867 ], [ 2592, 744 ], [ 2592, 4417 ], [ 2914, 3172 ], [ 5530, 3172 ], [ 5530, 6672 ] ], "certainty": null, "description": null, "semantics": [ "humanoid" ] }, { "con": "Ruelle", "con_id": "CON Ruelle Cep", "lines": [ [ 102091, 104861, 105691, 112364 ], [ 105691, 116361 ], [ 112364, 110645, 104861, 112364 ] ], "certainty": null, "description": null, "semantics": [ "humanoid" ] }, { "con": "Ruelle", "con_id": "CON Ruelle UMa", "lines": [ [ 59592, 53905, 53754, 57828, 59592, 62757, 65173, 67088 ], [ 53905, 48182, 46600 ], [ 53754, 46720, 44343, 44000 ], [ 57828, 57226, 54380, 50655, 50230, 46720 ], [ 54380, 53754 ] ], "certainty": null, "description": null, "semantics": [ "mammal" ] }, { "con": "Ruelle", "con_id": "CON Ruelle Lyn", "lines": [ [ 46819, 45728, 45557, 44120, 29987 ] ], "certainty": "Star identification was difficult for the fainter stars. This looks closer in shape to the source.", "description": null, "semantics": [ "mammal" ] }, { "con": "Ruelle", "con_id": "CON Ruelle Gem", "lines": [ [ 36744, 32161, 30270, 30810, 31601, 34000, 35453, 37718, 36744 ], [ 32161, 34000 ] ], "certainty": null, "description": null, "semantics": [ "humanoid" ] }, { "con": "Ruelle", "con_id": "CON Ruelle Aur", "lines": [ [ 24549, 28288, 28309, 22961, 24549, 23361, 23712 ], [ 23361, 23398 ], [ 23361, 22961 ], [ 24549, 28287, 28288 ], [ 28287, 27880 ] ], "certainty": "There is a drawn, then erased, diagonal line down the centre (iot Aur to bet Aur); this is eliminated as most likely not wanted by the author. The front of the figure also looks slightly different due to approximately positioned stars, so is partly uncertain.", "description": null, "semantics": [ "humanoid" ] }, { "con": "Ruelle", "con_id": "CON Ruelle CMi", "lines": [ [ 37173, 36087 ] ], "certainty": null, "description": null, "semantics": [ "mammal" ] }, { "con": "Ruelle", "con_id": "CON Ruelle Cnc", "lines": [ [ 43939, 42792, 40411 ], [ 42792, 42687 ], [ 43939, 42676, 40411 ], [ 40728, 42687 ], [ 40728, 40411 ] ], "certainty": null, "description": null, "semantics": [ "arthropod" ] }, { "con": "Ruelle", "con_id": "CON Ruelle Per", "lines": [ [ 14292, 15824, 14540, 12744, 14292 ], [ 15824, 17316, 18485, 14540, 18201, 18485 ], [ 14540, 14318, 13845 ], [ 17316, 19762, 19119, 17316 ] ], "certainty": null, "description": null, "semantics": [ "humanoid" ] }, { "con": "Ruelle", "con_id": "CON Ruelle Tri", "lines": [ [ 8777, 10041, 10645, 8777 ] ], "certainty": null, "description": null, "semantics": [ "geometric" ] }, { "con": "Ruelle", "con_id": "CON Ruelle Ari", "lines": [ [ 8813, 8884, 9861, 14802 ] ], "certainty": null, "description": null, "semantics": [ "mammal" ] }, { "con": "Ruelle", "con_id": "CON Ruelle MuB", "lines": [ [ 12686, 13028, 13176, 12686 ] ], "certainty": "The obsolete Musca Borealis is documented as having had four stars (now called 33 Ari, 35 Ari, 39 Ari, and 41 Ari, in the north of the constellation of Aries). Ruelle draws only three stars, so picked the brightest ones.", "description": null, "semantics": [ "arthropod" ] }, { "con": "Ruelle", "con_id": "CON Ruelle Lac", "lines": [ [ 110675, 110822 ], [ 110675, 109591 ] ], "certainty": null, "description": null, "semantics": [ "reptile" ] }, { "con": "Ruelle", "con_id": "CON Ruelle And", "lines": [ [ 9618, 7499, 5436, 3086, 676, 113366, 9618 ], [ 3086, 3025, 3685 ], [ 5436, 4426, 3871, 7499 ], [ 116218, 116439, 116265, 116218 ] ], "certainty": "Star mu And doesn't appear to be linked into a line, but is drawn just on the side of the line. This is also linked in here. Stars lam, kap, iot form a triangle, although two are too close to tell (I assume there is a line).", "description": null, "semantics": [ "humanoid" ] }, { "con": "Ruelle", "con_id": "CON Ruelle Peg", "lines": [ [ 676, 113521, 113603, 1065, 676 ], [ 106972, 109081, 111676, 113603 ], [ 111804, 113521, 112389, 112084 ], [ 111804, 112084, 108830, 107011 ] ], "certainty": "It is not clear what is the demarcation between Pegasus and Andromeda by the chart alone.", "description": null, "semantics": [ "mammal" ] }, { "con": "Ruelle", "con_id": "CON Ruelle Peg_eq", "lines": [ [ 676, 113521, 113603, 1065, 676, 111676, 106972, 111804, 113521 ], [ 106972, 105162, 107011, 108830, 112084, 112389, 111804, 108830 ] ], "certainty": "It is not clear what is the demarcation between Pegasus and Andromeda by the chart alone.", "description": null, "semantics": [ "mammal" ] }, { "con": "Ruelle", "con_id": "CON Ruelle Lyr", "lines": [ [ 90979, 92133, 92902, 92502, 90979 ] ], "certainty": null, "description": null, "semantics": [ "man-made object" ] }, { "con": "Ruelle", "con_id": "CON Ruelle Del", "lines": [ [ 101095, 101442, 101629, 102201, 101950, 101442 ] ], "certainty": null, "description": null, "semantics": [ "fish" ] }, { "con": "Ruelle", "con_id": "CON Ruelle Equ", "lines": [ [ 104649, 105229, 104520, 104184, 104649 ] ], "certainty": null, "description": null, "semantics": [ "mammal" ] }, { "con": "Ruelle", "con_id": "CON Ruelle Cyg", "lines": [ [ 101767, 100128, 95648 ], [ 100128, 96858 ], [ 100128, 104394, 106967 ], [ 99529, 101767 ], [ 99529, 96138, 94484 ], [ 101767, 103725, 103081, 102258, 102157, 100750 ], [ 103081, 104549 ], [ 103725, 106139, 107190 ] ], "certainty": null, "description": null, "semantics": [ "bird" ] }, { "con": "Ruelle", "con_id": "CON Ruelle Vul", "lines": [ [ 95473, 97575, 99554, 98232 ], [ 99554, 99505 ] ], "certainty": "A galaxy was also linked in (M27), but is not included here.", "description": null, "semantics": [ "mammal" ] }, { "con": "Ruelle", "con_id": "CON Ruelle Sge", "lines": [ [ 98026, 97056, 96450, 96530 ] ], "certainty": null, "description": null, "semantics": [ "man-made object" ] }, { "con": "Ruelle", "con_id": "CON Ruelle Her", "lines": [ [ 84086, 82952, 81583, 80880, 79750 ], [ 82952, 81444 ], [ 81583, 81444, 80571, 79928, 84086 ], [ 81583, 84122, 84853, 87537, 87661, 86705, 84121 ], [ 84853, 86148 ] ], "certainty": "Two galaxies were also linked in (M13, M92) but are not included here. One end-of-chain star after del Her is not identified, so is not included. The star del Her was difficult to identify; it seems a better match than lam Her.", "description": null, "semantics": [ "humanoid" ] }, { "con": "Ruelle", "con_id": "CON Ruelle Cer", "lines": [ [ 87661, 88517, 87994, 89860, 91756 ] ], "certainty": null, "description": "An obsolete constellation created by Hevelius in the 1600s, whose stars are now included in the constellation Hercules. It was depicted as a three-headed snake that Hercules is holding in his hand.", "semantics": [ "mammal" ] }, { "con": "Ruelle", "con_id": "CON Ruelle CrB", "lines": [ [ 75466, 76035, 76716, 77276, 77923, 75466 ] ], "certainty": null, "description": null, "semantics": [ "man-made object" ] }, { "con": "Ruelle", "con_id": "CON Ruelle Ser", "lines": [ [ 77386, 76835 ], [ 77022, 76835, 76044, 76997, 77836, 77214, 76616, 77426 ] ], "certainty": null, "description": null, "semantics": [ "reptile" ] }, { "con": "Ruelle", "con_id": "CON Ruelle Boo", "lines": [ [ 69451, 71879, 74438, 73327, 70851, 70828, 71879 ], [ 70851, 71879, 72432, 71536, 71569, 69451, 67711, 67063, 67246, 67711 ], [ 73327, 75182, 76433 ], [ 73327, 69510, 70274 ], [ 70851, 69510 ], [ 69451, 72432 ] ], "certainty": "One star is skipped (was drawn between gam Boo, bet Boo, and lam Boo, but no visible star was identified there. The alf-to-ksi line is only in the equatorial chart, but is added here.", "description": null, "semantics": [ "humanoid" ] }, { "con": "Ruelle", "con_id": "CON Ruelle CVn", "lines": [ [ 62925, 61124 ] ], "certainty": "A galaxy was also linked in (M94) but is not included here.", "description": null, "semantics": [ "mammal" ] }, { "con": "Ruelle", "con_id": "CON Ruelle Com", "lines": [ [ 64037, 62689, 64189, 60554, 60509, 60558, 60715, 60752, 61202, 62689 ], [ 64037, 62161, 61202 ], [ 64037, 65515 ] ], "certainty": "The star identification is uncertain.", "description": null, "semantics": [ "body part" ] }, { "con": "Ruelle", "con_id": "CON Ruelle Aql", "lines": [ [ 97725, 97338, 96970 ] ], "certainty": null, "description": null, "semantics": [ "bird" ] }, { "con": "Ruelle", "con_id": "CON Ruelle Aql2", "lines": [ [ 97493, 99156, 101519 ], [ 97493, 95207, 93452, 92951 ], [ 97493, 96165, 93510, 96180, 96165 ] ], "certainty": null, "description": "An obsolete constellation, merged into Aquila. The constellation was created by the emperor Hadrian in 132.", "semantics": [ "humanoid" ] }, { "con": "Ruelle", "con_id": "CON Ruelle Sct", "lines": [ [ 93136, 91888, 90835, 93136 ] ], "certainty": null, "description": null, "semantics": [ "man-made object" ] }, { "con": "Ruelle", "con_id": "CON Ruelle Psc", "lines": [ [ 9467, 5725, 7083 ], [ 5725, 4896, 3778 ] ], "certainty": "Not clear whether this constellation is complete; it is at the right end of the equatorial chart. There is a segment at the left end which may be another component, but the stars are not identified, and there are no great matches.", "description": null, "semantics": [ "fish" ] }, { "con": "Ruelle", "con_id": "CON Ruelle PsA", "lines": [ [ 113008, 111601, 110841, 113008 ], [ 110841, 108939, 107037, 107265, 108939 ] ], "certainty": null, "description": null, "semantics": [ "fish" ] }, { "con": "Ruelle", "con_id": "CON Ruelle Aqr", "lines": [ [ 105936, 108728, 110049, 110614, 111147 ], [ 110049, 112776, 113980 ], [ 110049, 112601, 112776 ], [ 108793, 106444, 105936 ], [ 108793, 109657, 110049 ] ], "certainty": null, "description": null, "semantics": [ "humanoid" ] }, { "con": "Ruelle", "con_id": "CON Ruelle Cap", "lines": [ [ 99985, 99743, 100020, 107213, 106642, 106381 ] ], "certainty": "The angles at alf02 Cap, del Cap appear sharper here than in Ruelle's hand-drawn chart.", "description": null, "semantics": [ "mammal" ] }, { "con": "Ruelle", "con_id": "CON Ruelle Sgr", "lines": [ [ 89906, 88361, 89653, 89906, 93213, 89653, 90217, 89064, 93846, 93388, 92564, 93213, 93569, 93388 ] ], "certainty": null, "description": null, "semantics": [ "humanoid", "mammal" ] }, { "con": "Ruelle", "con_id": "CON Ruelle Sgr_eq", "lines": [ [ 89906, 88361, 89653, 89906, 93213, 89653 ], [ 93213, 92564, 89653, 90217, 89064, 93846, 93388, 93569, 93213 ] ], "certainty": "The choice of tau Sgr doesn't suit the location well (two lines don't intersect any more), but there's no other candidate star. Variant may be slightly partial.", "description": null, "semantics": [ "humanoid", "mammal" ] }, { "con": "Ruelle", "con_id": "CON Ruelle Sco", "lines": [ [ 85436, 85665, 86403, 86804 ], [ 86403, 85965, 83885, 82477, 82263, 82144, 81020, 80519, 78029, 78165, 78580, 80519, 77868, 78029 ] ], "certainty": null, "description": null, "semantics": [ "arthropod" ] }, { "con": "Ruelle", "con_id": "CON Ruelle Lib", "lines": [ [ 72396, 73486, 74164, 72396, 74556, 75150, 76100, 74164 ], [ 76100, 76824, 77617, 77971, 74556 ], [ 77617, 76644, 73486 ], [ 76644, 76392, 75894, 76100 ], [ 75894, 74164 ] ], "certainty": "Label gam appears twice. One is sig. The link iot-zet appears only in the equatorial chart, and is added here.", "description": null, "semantics": [ "man-made object" ] }, { "con": "Ruelle", "con_id": "CON Ruelle Crv", "lines": [ [ 59020, 61166, 60776, 59621, 59134, 59020 ] ], "certainty": null, "description": null, "semantics": [ "bird" ] }, { "con": "Ruelle", "con_id": "CON Ruelle Crt", "lines": [ [ 53584, 54522, 55118, 55539, 53584 ], [ 56464, 55521, 55118 ], [ 58014, 57111, 55539 ], [ 55521, 57111 ], [ 58014, 56464 ] ], "certainty": null, "description": null, "semantics": [ "man-made object" ] }, { "con": "Ruelle", "con_id": "CON Ruelle Cen", "lines": [ [ 71456, 68483, 66447, 67786, 71125 ], [ 67786, 67251, 68714, 71125 ], [ 68714, 64904, 61739, 59016, 56392 ] ], "certainty": null, "description": null, "semantics": [ "humanoid", "mammal" ] }, { "con": "Ruelle", "con_id": "CON Ruelle Col", "lines": [ [ 26569, 27559, 30204, 26569 ] ], "certainty": null, "description": null, "semantics": [ "bird" ] }, { "con": "Ruelle", "con_id": "CON Ruelle Lep", "lines": [ [ 25920, 25542, 27006, 27585, 25920, 24249, 23630, 25542 ], [ 25920, 27220 ] ], "certainty": "The last link, alf Lep to zet Lep, is not visible on the polar chart (the constellation label is written on top of it). It is drawn in the equatorial chart. The link must have been intended also in the polar chart, or zet Lep wouldn't have been drawn.", "description": null, "semantics": [ "mammal" ] }, { "con": "Ruelle", "con_id": "CON Ruelle CMa", "lines": [ [ 30251, 32263, 33260, 33956, 33073, 33260 ], [ 30049, 33492, 34354, 35806 ], [ 34354, 32263 ], [ 34354, 33956 ] ], "certainty": "Another faint line links the legs together. It is not included here due to uncertainty.", "description": null, "semantics": [ "mammal" ] }, { "con": "Ruelle", "con_id": "CON Ruelle CMa_eq", "lines": [ [ 30251, 32263, 33956, 33073, 33260, 33956 ], [ 30049, 33492, 34354 ], [ 35806, 34354, 32263 ] ], "certainty": null, "description": null, "semantics": [ "mammal" ] }, { "con": "Ruelle", "con_id": "CON Ruelle Ori", "lines": [ [ 26662, 26246, 25865 ], [ 26246, 25218 ], [ 26246, 27919, 25273, 26246, 27298, 24378, 26246 ], [ 24378, 23917 ], [ 27919, 28543, 26142, 25273, 22396, 22744 ], [ 22396, 22456, 22792 ] ], "certainty": null, "description": null, "semantics": [ "humanoid" ] }, { "con": "Ruelle", "con_id": "CON Ruelle Tau", "lines": [ [ 26386, 25364, 27399, 26386, 21368, 25364 ], [ 21368, 20842, 20155, 20405, 20837 ], [ 20155, 17661 ], [ 20155, 18677, 18860, 19810, 20155 ], [ 18677, 16044, 15861, 18860 ] ], "certainty": null, "description": null, "semantics": [ "mammal" ] }, { "con": "Ruelle", "con_id": "CON Ruelle Leo", "lines": [ [ 46617, 47772 ], [ 46014, 46617 ], [ 46014, 47772 ], [ 50440, 50193, 50911, 48318, 47772 ], [ 50911, 51947, 53075, 51089, 49451, 50911 ], [ 50440, 49441, 49528, 54718, 54712, 57459, 54718 ], [ 54712, 57392, 57459, 55476, 55779, 56478, 54921, 51475, 49528 ], [ 51475, 54718 ], [ 51475, 48889, 47373, 46637, 46617 ], [ 48318, 50193 ] ], "certainty": "This follows the equatorial chart, since only that is complete for this constellation. One small star not found next to eta Leo, so not included.", "description": null, "semantics": [ "mammal" ] }, { "con": "Ruelle", "con_id": "CON Ruelle Hya", "lines": [ [ 68675, 64758, 57763, 56174, 50924, 52789, 49700, 50924 ], [ 49700, 46259, 47297, 49700 ], [ 47297, 45204, 42680, 42195, 42990, 43689, 42680, 39200 ] ], "certainty": null, "description": null, "semantics": [ "reptile" ] }, { "con": "Ruelle", "con_id": "CON Ruelle CarPupVel", "lines": [ [ 30365, 42794, 40921, 45425, 45809, 47866, 45106, 49958, 52268, 51428, 45817, 52575, 44689, 39840, 39318, 44689 ], [ 39318, 35169, 36274, 38304, 39318 ], [ 36274, 31605, 32682, 30365 ], [ 39318, 39644, 38721, 38062, 37962, 39318 ], [ 38721, 39793, 38985, 38721 ] ], "certainty": "Star w Car (a regular star) replaces (and is located inside) the Carina nebula, which Ruelle links in.", "description": "An obsolete, large constellation in the southern sky. The 1755 catalogue of de Lacaille divided it into the three modern constellations: Carina, Puppis, and Vela.", "semantics": [ "man-made object" ] }, { "con": "Ruelle", "con_id": "CON Ruelle Cet", "lines": [ [ 154, 1559, 3413, 5353, 1559 ], [ 5353, 6523, 8628, 10800, 12357, 8628, 8087, 6523 ], [ 8087, 9328, 11755, 11318, 12357, 12737, 11755 ], [ 10800, 12355, 12673, 14100, 15419, 13920, 14100 ], [ 13920, 12795, 12673 ] ], "certainty": null, "description": null, "semantics": [ "fish" ] }, { "con": "Ruelle", "con_id": "CON Ruelle Mon", "lines": [ [ 31895, 31139, 32492, 30794, 37340 ] ], "certainty": null, "description": null, "semantics": [ "mammal" ] }, { "con": "Ruelle", "con_id": "CON Ruelle Eri", "lines": [ [ 23820, 21391, 20455, 19538, 18497, 17551, 17336, 16496, 15159, 14257, 13667, 12810, 13254 ], [ 21391, 21541, 21710, 21340, 20221, 19992, 17609, 16570, 15436, 14112, 13813, 8989, 7574 ] ], "certainty": "Star d Eri has also other names: HIP 20535, ups03 Eri, 43 Eri.", "description": null, "semantics": [ "landscape" ] }, { "con": "Ruelle", "con_id": "CON Ruelle Eri_eq", "lines": [ [ 23820, 22056, 21391, 21243, 23820 ], [ 21391, 20455, 19799, 18497, 19538, 19799 ], [ 18497, 17551, 17336, 16496, 15159, 14257, 13667, 15159 ], [ 20455, 21541, 21710, 21340, 21195, 17609, 16570, 15436, 14843, 14112, 13254, 12810 ] ], "certainty": "This equatorial variant is partial.", "description": null, "semantics": [ "landscape" ] }, { "con": "Ruelle", "con_id": "CON Ruelle Vir", "lines": [ [ 65269, 64034, 61748, 59945, 57584, 59988, 59945 ], [ 59988, 63405, 62890, 59988 ], [ 62890, 61748 ], [ 62890, 66040, 65269 ], [ 66040, 71994, 70532, 69479, 69205, 69751, 65375, 65269 ], [ 70532, 71731, 69479 ] ], "certainty": null, "description": null, "semantics": [ "humanoid" ] }, { "con": "Ruelle", "con_id": "CON Ruelle Oph", "lines": [ [ 85769, 76835, 77386, 79352, 79640, 81130, 83755, 84711 ], [ 83755, 89684, 87902 ], [ 89684, 92654, 86839, 86475, 85769 ], [ 86475, 85096, 82745, 82421, 77836 ], [ 77386, 77280, 79135, 79640 ], [ 79135, 81130, 83705, 84622, 85998, 84711 ], [ 85998, 83755 ] ], "certainty": "Hard to tell whether the Serpent (whose head is Le Serpent) also has a tail part; none is marked on the chart. Thus, all stars not marked as Le Serpent are written under Ophiucus. A pi. Oph is marked on the chart, but that must instead be tet Oph, based on the position and size.", "description": null, "semantics": [ "humanoid" ] }, { "con": "Ruelle", "con_id": "CON Ruelle Dor", "lines": [ [ 21228, 26004 ] ], "certainty": null, "description": null, "semantics": [ "fish" ] }, { "con": "Ruelle", "con_id": "CON Ruelle Mus", "lines": [ [ 62127, 61392, 61008, 63411, 61392 ] ], "certainty": null, "description": null, "semantics": [ "arthropod" ] }, { "con": "Ruelle", "con_id": "CON Ruelle Cru", "lines": [ [ 60530, 60893 ], [ 62239, 59565 ] ], "certainty": null, "description": null, "semantics": [ "geometric" ] }, { "con": "Ruelle", "con_id": "CON Ruelle TrA", "lines": [ [ 82022, 77716, 74717, 82022 ] ], "certainty": null, "description": null, "semantics": [ "geometric" ] }, { "con": "Ruelle", "con_id": "CON Ruelle Lup", "lines": [ [ 71634, 73046, 76065, 75035, 71634 ] ], "certainty": null, "description": null, "semantics": [ "mammal" ] }, { "con": "Ruelle", "con_id": "CON Ruelle Ara", "lines": [ [ 85530, 84999, 85008, 85467, 82826, 82898, 85530 ], [ 85467, 86661 ] ], "certainty": "Two stars (bet Ara, gam Ara) placed near a line are assumed to be linked into the line.", "description": null, "semantics": [ "man-made object" ] }, { "con": "Ruelle", "con_id": "CON Ruelle Pav", "lines": [ [ 100425, 98924, 102064, 100425 ], [ 102064, 105519, 98184, 98924 ] ], "certainty": null, "description": null, "semantics": [ "bird" ] }, { "con": "Ruelle", "con_id": "CON Ruelle Ind", "lines": [ [ 101445, 102895 ] ], "certainty": null, "description": null, "semantics": [ "humanoid" ] }, { "con": "Ruelle", "con_id": "CON Ruelle Gru", "lines": [ [ 108922, 111768, 107742, 108922 ] ], "certainty": null, "description": null, "semantics": [ "bird" ] }, { "con": "Ruelle", "con_id": "CON Ruelle Tuc", "lines": [ [ 109784, 114634, 117754, 1595, 2478, 117754 ] ], "certainty": null, "description": null, "semantics": [ "bird" ] }, { "con": "Ruelle", "con_id": "CON Ruelle Phe", "lines": [ [ 5154, 6853, 7068, 5154, 2076, 763, 5154 ] ], "certainty": null, "description": null, "semantics": [ "bird" ] }, { "con": "Ruelle", "con_id": "CON Ruelle Hyi", "lines": [ [ 2016, 17637, 9217, 2016 ] ], "certainty": null, "description": null, "semantics": [ "reptile" ] }, { "con": "Ruelle", "con_id": "CON Ruelle Ret", "lines": [ [ 19730, 17398 ] ], "certainty": null, "description": null, "semantics": [ "man-made object" ] }, { "con": "Tewa", "con_id": "CON Tewa 001", "lines": [ [ 27919, 26662, 27298 ], [ 26662, 26246, 25865, 25273 ], [ 25865, 25218, 24378 ], [ 27919, 25749, 25273 ], [ 25749, 26142 ], [ 25858, 26176, 26484, 26662 ] ], "certainty": "The line figure is drawn in the source (except for the shorter lines between close or small stars) but the shape is not justified. It is a naturalistic human shape with a sash, as the character is named.", "description": "The Pueblo myth of Long Sash parallels the biblical story of Moses leading the Israelites out of Egypt. Long Sash was a warrior entrusted by the tribe with the task of leading them to a new land where they could live in peace away from destructive neighbouring tribes. The long journey followed The Endless Trail (the Milky Way), and important points in the journey were marked by The Place of Decision (002), The Place of Doubt (003), and The Three Stars of Helpfulness (004).", "semantics": [ "humanoid" ] }, { "con": "Tewa", "con_id": "CON Tewa 002", "lines": [ [ 36744, 37718 ] ], "certainty": "The line figure is drawn in the source, and the two stars are identified.", "description": "A step of the journey led by Long Sash (001) where the tribe took the decision to continue. It is said that even today, people look at these stars when making important decisions.", "semantics": [ "abstract" ] }, { "con": "Tewa", "con_id": "CON Tewa 003", "lines": [ [ 42984, 42687, 40054, 40411, 42792, 42687 ], [ 42792, 43939 ] ], "certainty": "The line figure is drawn in the source and matches Rey's naturalistic crab. However, the reason for this shape of the line figure is not explained in the source, so is probably a default to a Western figure.", "description": "A step of the journey led by Long Sash (001) where Long Sash was doubtful and unsure which way to go; he asked for (and received) guidance from the above.", "semantics": [ "abstract" ] }, { "con": "Tewa", "con_id": "CON Tewa 004", "lines": [ [ 49528, 57459, 50440 ] ], "certainty": "The line figure is drawn in the source and is located in IAU Leo, but the stars are only tentatively identified; they are the brightest in Leo, and they match the shape drawn. The shape represents a travois: an A-shaped frame structure that was used to drag loads over land.", "description": "Towards the end of the journey led by Long Sash (001), the tribesmen became kinder to one another; some men made a travois (an A-shaped frame structure that was used to drag loads over land) to carry their own, as well as an old woman's belongings.", "semantics": [ "man-made object", "abstract" ] }, { "con": "Tewa", "con_id": "CON Tewa 006", "lines": [ [ 67088, 65173, 62757, 59592, 53905, 53754, 57828, 59592 ] ], "certainty": "The line figure is not drawn in the source. Since the tail is said to refer to the handle only, it must be attached to the animal, so this represents the animal by closing the rectangle of the dipper.", "description": "The tail refers to the handle of the Big Dipper.", "semantics": [ "mammal", "man-made object" ] }, { "con": "Tewa", "con_id": "CON Tewa 007", "lines": [ [ 25865, 26246, 26662 ] ], "certainty": "Identified as Orion's belt in the source, but not drawn, so the lining is uncertain. The row semantic motivates the line of three.", "description": null, "semantics": [ "geometric" ] }, { "con": "Tewa", "con_id": "CON Tewa 009", "lines": [ [ 76819, 79580, 74868, 72380 ] ], "certainty": "Identified as the bowl of the Little Dipper in the source, but not drawn, so the lining is uncertain. The yoke semantic motivates the shallow U shape.", "description": null, "semantics": [ "man-made object" ] }, { "con": "Tewa", "con_id": "CON Tewa 010", "lines": [ [ 101095, 101442, 101629, 102201, 101950, 101442 ] ], "certainty": "Identified as IAU Del in the source, but not drawn, so the lining is uncertain. The slingshot semantic does match the standard IAU Del P-shape, so this is used.", "description": null, "semantics": [ "man-made object" ] }, { "con": "Tewa", "con_id": "CON Tewa 011", "lines": [ [ 75895, 75466, 76035, 76716, 77276, 77923, 78256 ] ], "certainty": "Identified as IAU CrB in the source, but not drawn, so the number of stars used is uncertain. The bowl semantic does make the shape (an open curve) certain.", "description": "Women would place a bowl (fired to a black colour) near a fire so that the meal in it would dry.", "semantics": [ "man-made object" ] }, { "con": "Tewa", "con_id": "CON Tewa 012", "lines": [ [ 101767, 100128, 102157 ], [ 100128, 97799 ], [ 100128, 96858 ] ], "certainty": "Not identified in the original source from 1916; suggested to be part of the Western asterism of the Northern Cross, based on its presence in the Pawnee culture, also as a Bird's Foot.", "description": null, "semantics": [ "body part" ] }, { "con": "Thai", "con_id": "CON Thai 001", "lines": [ [ 27919, 27298, 24378, 25273, 26142, 27919 ] ], "certainty": "The line figure follows the perimeter of the pictograph provided in the source, so is uncertain. The turtle is composed of four stars for the paws, and one for the head. They are lined as a convex hull.", "description": "The turtle (CON Thai 001) carries the plough (CON Thai 002) on its back.", "semantics": [ "reptile" ] }, { "con": "Thai", "con_id": "CON Thai 002", "lines": [ [ 25865, 26246, 26662 ], [ 26246, 26176, 26156, 26172 ] ], "certainty": "The shape is certain: a T figure. It is not certain which star(s) in Orion's sword are included, nor how many.", "description": "The turtle (CON Thai 001) carries the plough (CON Thai 002) on its back.", "semantics": [ "man-made object" ] }, { "con": "Thai", "con_id": "CON Thai 003", "lines": [ [ 21368, 20842, 20155, 20405, 20597, 20837, 21368 ] ], "certainty": "Marked explicitly as the Hyades. Only the flag (not also the mast) is drawn here: the mast stars are faint, so not obvious to identify.", "description": null, "semantics": [ "man-made object" ] }, { "con": "Thai", "con_id": "CON Thai 004", "lines": [ [ 36744, 37718, 31601, 30270, 36744 ] ], "certainty": "A simple rectangle. The line figure follows the perimeter of the pictograph provided in the source, so is uncertain.", "description": null, "semantics": [ "man-made object" ] }, { "con": "Thai", "con_id": "CON Thai 005", "lines": [ [ 8867, 6672, 4417, 3172, 744 ] ], "certainty": "Marked explicitly as Cassiopeia. The line figure follows the perimeter of the pictograph provided in the source, so is uncertain. More lines may be appropriate to add, but the drawings don't agree on the bird's position.", "description": null, "semantics": [ "bird" ] }, { "con": "Thai", "con_id": "CON Thai 006", "lines": [ [ 36744, 37718, 37173, 32263 ] ], "certainty": "Star identification uncertain. [orchiston2021seasia] only identifies this as IAU Argo (too unspecific), while the online source identifies it differently and precisely, with 4 bright stars (Castor, Pollux, Procyon, Sirius). The latter is drawn here.", "description": "A type of sailing ship.", "semantics": [ "man-made object" ] }, { "con": "Thai", "con_id": "CON Thai 007", "lines": [ [ 67088, 65173, 62757, 59592, 53905, 53754, 57828, 59592 ] ], "certainty": "Marked explicitly as the Big Dipper. The line figure follows the perimeter of the pictograph provided in the source, so is uncertain. The quandrilater (the body) is closed, and the alligator's tail is the dipper handle.", "description": null, "semantics": [ "reptile" ] }, { "con": "Thai", "con_id": "CON Thai 008", "lines": [ [ 71456, 68483, 62239, 60530, 59565, 60893, 62239 ] ], "certainty": "The stars are clearly identified. It is not clear which Cru star to link to the Cen star (some angles would change); the closest is linked here.", "description": null, "semantics": [ "man-made object" ] }, { "con": "Thai", "con_id": "CON Thai 009", "lines": [ [ 113603, 113521, 676, 1065, 113603 ] ], "certainty": "Marked explicitly as the Great Square of Pegasus, so only 4 stars: 2 model the coffin, and 2 a beam (parallel to the coffin).", "description": null, "semantics": [ "man-made object" ] }, { "con": "Toba", "con_id": "CON Toba 002", "lines": [ [ 25865, 25865 ], [ 26246, 26246 ], [ 26662, 26662 ], [ 27298, 27919, 25273, 24378, 27298 ] ], "certainty": "The three old women are a star group; the line figure for the garden is drawn explicitly in the main source [lehmann1923tobas1].", "description": "The three old women (widows, two of them the daughters of the third) live in a large house with a field or garden, which they guard, maintaining a fire (Pleiades) to burn the trespassers.", "semantics": [ "landscape", "group" ] }, { "con": "Toba", "con_id": "CON Toba 003", "lines": [ [ 60893, 59565 ] ], "certainty": "Lined in the main source [lehmann1923tobas1].", "description": "The rest of the rhea is the Coalsack Nebula. 003-005 form a scene.", "semantics": [ "body part" ] }, { "con": "Toba", "con_id": "CON Toba 006", "lines": [ [ 71456, 68483, 62239, 60530 ] ], "certainty": "Lined in the main source [lehmann1923tobas1].", "description": "The head is the IAU Cru stars. The Coalsack Nebula is the black spot on the neck of the rhea. 002, 006-008, the Coalsack Nebula, and the Pleiades form a scene. There are also variants of the rhea which encompass the Milky Way, from IAU Cru as head, to the head of IAU Sco as tail, and further for the legs.", "semantics": [ "body part" ] }, { "con": "Tutchone", "con_id": "CON Tutchone 001", "lines": [ [ 59592, 56044, 53905, 53754, 57828, 59592, 62757, 65173, 67088 ] ], "certainty": null, "description": "The Southern Tutchone say that there is a big-headed man in the sky. The man's big head is the Big Dipper's bowl and a star in front of the bowl. His spine is the handle of the Big Dipper. One day, a hunter shot an arrow (Alcor, not included in this constellation) into his spine. Before he died, the big-headed man said he would reappear into the northern sky at night, and so he does.", "semantics": [ "humanoid" ] }, { "con": "Tzotzil", "con_id": "CON Tzotzil 001", "lines": [ [ 60530, 60893 ], [ 62239, 59565 ] ], "certainty": null, "description": "This small constellation appears low in the southern sky but is clearly visible especially from the Zinacanteco hamlets located on the edge of the escarpment overlooking the Grijalva Valley to the south. According to some Zinacantecos the Cross (001) is thought to have been the cross on which Christ was crucified (which rose to the sky after his death), and the two Thieves' Crosses (006, 007) on each side of the Southern Cross are the crosses on which the two thieves were crucified.", "semantics": [ "geometric" ] }, { "con": "Tzotzil", "con_id": "CON Tzotzil 002", "lines": [ [ 25865, 26246, 26662 ] ], "certainty": null, "description": "The Spanish name is used by Spanish speakers.", "semantics": [ "group" ] }, { "con": "Tzotzil", "con_id": "CON Tzotzil 003", "lines": [ [ 71879, 70851, 67088, 65173, 62757, 59592, 57828, 54380, 50440, 49528 ] ], "certainty": null, "description": "This back is of a turtle or of an old man who stands and bends over with the hands reaching towards his toes. It is not the same as the Big Dipper.", "semantics": [ "body part" ] }, { "con": "Tzotzil", "con_id": "CON Tzotzil 004", "lines": [ [ 26176, 26156, 26172 ] ], "certainty": null, "description": null, "semantics": [ "group" ] }, { "con": "Tzotzil", "con_id": "CON Tzotzil 005", "lines": [ [ 74717, 71682, 71456, 68483 ] ], "certainty": null, "description": "Said to lead up to the Cross (001).", "semantics": [ "man-made object" ] }, { "con": "Tzotzil", "con_id": "CON Tzotzil 006", "lines": [ [ 42794, 45425 ], [ 45809, 40921 ] ], "certainty": null, "description": "The Western asterism False Cross. According to some Zinacantecos the Cross (001) is thought to have been the cross on which Christ was crucified, and the two Thieves' Crosses (006, 007) on each side of the Southern Cross are the crosses on which the two thieves were crucified.", "semantics": [ "geometric" ] }, { "con": "Tzotzil", "con_id": "CON Tzotzil 007", "lines": [ [ 73046, 73579, 74167 ], [ 71634, 73579, 75035 ] ], "certainty": "The star pi Lup makes a much straighter cross center than the kap Lup named in the source, so pi is used here.", "description": "According to some Zinacantecos the Cross (001) is thought to have been the cross on which Christ was crucified, and the two Thieves' Crosses (006, 007) on each side of the Southern Cross are the crosses on which the two thieves were crucified.", "semantics": [ "geometric" ] }, { "con": "Tzotzil", "con_id": "CON Tzotzil 008", "lines": [ [ 74717, 71682, 68483, 66447, 61739, 59016, 55260, 119625, 52268, 49958 ] ], "certainty": null, "description": "A basket or arch over the Cross (001). Like the arches of flowers erected over altars in the houses of the cargoholders in Zinacantán.", "semantics": [ "man-made object" ] }, { "con": "Tzotzil", "con_id": "CON Tzotzil 009", "lines": [ [ 85665, 86403, 86804, 85965, 83885, 82419, 82263, 82144, 81020, 80519, 78165 ], [ 80519, 78029 ], [ 80519, 78580 ] ], "certainty": "It is identified as IAU Sco, but without a description of the line geometry. The simplest geometry is used here: that of the Western Sco (the head is 3 rays, using only bright stars).", "description": "This constellation is very distinctive in the southern sky at this tropical latitude. Antares is 'the heart of the scorpion'. The scorpion's tail is used for time measurements. Its position relative to the Milky Way predicts when it will rain.", "semantics": [ "arthropod" ] }, { "con": "Wichi", "con_id": "CON Wichi 002", "lines": [ [ 60530, 62239, 60893, 59565, 60530 ] ], "certainty": "The lining is hypothetical; due to the beach semantic, lined as a simple polygon.", "description": "[lehmann1923matacos] Connected in a scene with the Milky Way as a River, and the Coalsack Nebula: this is a (sandy) beach. In alternative myths (less clear atm), this star group (probably in another lining) forms a (group of) rhea, or another creature.", "semantics": [ "landscape" ] }, { "con": "Wichi", "con_id": "CON Wichi 003", "lines": [ [ 86403, 85965, 85530 ], [ 86403, 86804 ], [ 86403, 85665 ], [ 86403, 85436 ], [ 86403, 86991 ] ], "certainty": "Stars are identified, and line figure is drawn explicitly.", "description": "[lehmann1923matacos] These stars of the Sco and Ara constellations form the female rhea. (The Coalsack Nebula is the male rhea.)", "semantics": [ "bird" ] }, { "con": "Wichi", "con_id": "CON Wichi 005", "lines": [ [ 17661, 20837 ], [ 21368, 20842, 20155, 20405, 20597, 20837 ], [ 21368, 25273, 25865, 26246, 26662 ] ], "certainty": "It is uncertain, but put together by [lehmann1923matacos] from bits of information and the meaning of the names of individual parts. On the other hand, later researchers claim that they have found no trace of this asterism.", "description": "[lehmann1923matacos] The Great Yulo is a mythological bird, the master of the rain, which has an asterism composed of the Pleiades (head, represented by eta Tau alone --- BUT should be the entire Pleiades), the Hyades (body), gam Ori (heels), and Orion's belt (feet). In another narrative (primary sources 1973-1988), this asterism is formed when some corzuela deer flee to the sky to escape their murderous jaguar grandfather. The deer retreat to safety in the sky forming the Patsezlai, the Pleiades; the deer's mother also climbs to the sky as IAU Cru. This myth shows Wichí kinship rules.", "semantics": [ "bird" ] }, { "con": "Yellowknives", "con_id": "CON Yellowknives 001", "lines": [ [ 48182, 48182 ], [ 65272, 65272 ], [ 67088, 65173, 62757, 59592, 53905, 53754, 57828, 59592 ], [ 53905, 46600, 44947, 41586 ], [ 53754, 46720, 44000, 44343 ], [ 67088, 73327, 76035 ], [ 67088, 70851, 71879 ], [ 70274, 70274 ] ], "certainty": "Most stars are identified, and a pictograph is drawn in the source [cannon2021northerndene]. The line figure here follows the star path of each body part listed, connecting them. The text lists eta UMa in the right arm, incorrectly; corrected acc. drawing to h UMa.", "description": "Humanoid constellation composed of 11 groups of named stars that span 76 degrees across the sky. It is said that an ordinary person shot him with an arrow, and the impact broke his back, which is why he has his hands thrown above his head with fingers splayed out. He kicked his legs and feet into the air, which pushed the sky up to where it is now. His head (ups UMa), the place where he was hit with the arrow (or the arrow itself) (g UMa), and the quiver for arrows (tet Boo) are unconnected.", "semantics": [ "humanoid" ] }, { "con": "Yellowknives", "con_id": "CON Yellowknives 002", "lines": [ [ 67088, 65173, 62757, 59592, 53905, 53754 ], [ 57828, 59592 ], [ 53905, 46600, 41586 ], [ 53754, 54380, 57226, 57828 ], [ 57226, 55055, 118742, 54789, 54712, 54718, 55476 ], [ 54380, 53075, 50193, 50440, 49441, 49528 ] ], "certainty": "Most stars are identified, and a pictograph is drawn in the source [cannon2021northerndene]. The line figure here follows the star path of each body part listed, connecting them. The list of stars for 'his body' doesn't match the drawing; the list is used here. Removed the link bet UMa to gam UMa, which is drawn but unwarranted by the description.", "description": "An elder from Ndilǫ identified a variation of the constellation: a big headless man. The handle of the Big Dipper is Yìda's right arm, and the Big Dipper cup forms his upper torso.", "semantics": [ "humanoid" ] }, { "con": "Yellowknives", "con_id": "CON Yellowknives 003", "lines": [ [ 8867, 8867 ], [ 6672, 6672 ], [ 4417, 4417 ], [ 3172, 3172 ], [ 744, 744 ], [ 3814, 3814 ] ], "certainty": "The stars are identified, but no lines. It is not clear whether it should be lined (it isn't here).", "description": "Yı̀da’s wife is an important character in Northern Dene Traveler stories.", "semantics": [ "humanoid" ] }, { "con": "Zuni", "con_id": "CON Zuni 001", "lines": [ [ 67088, 65173, 62757, 59592, 57828, 53754, 53905, 59592 ] ], "certainty": "It is not clear which is the main semantic: of the two, the simpler (The Seven or The Seven Ones) is mentioned first, with the longer version (The Great White Bear of the Seven Stars) mentioned in only one known record. It is identified by the source as Big Dipper, but without showing a line figure. This line figure closes the rectangle (since the other N-American bear constellations have a closed polygon) but an unlined star group would also be valid to match the group semantic.", "description": null, "semantics": [ "group", "mammal" ] }, { "con": "Zuni", "con_id": "CON Zuni 002", "lines": [ [ 8867, 6672, 4417, 3814, 3172, 744 ] ], "certainty": "It is identified by the source as IAU Cas, but without showing a line figure. However, the name naturally calls for a zigzag line figure.", "description": null, "semantics": [ "geometric" ] }, { "con": "Zuni", "con_id": "CON Zuni 003", "lines": [ [ 11734, 85560, 81830, 76819, 79580, 74868, 72380, 76819 ] ], "certainty": "The line figure is uncertain. It is identified by the source as the Little Dipper. This line figure is the Western one.", "description": null, "semantics": [ "group" ] }, { "con": "Zuni", "con_id": "CON Zuni 004", "lines": [ [ 101095, 101442, 101629, 102201, 101950, 101442 ] ], "certainty": "The line figure is uncertain. It is identified by the source as the IAU Del. This line figure is the Western one.", "description": null, "semantics": [ "man-made object" ] }, { "con": "Zuni", "con_id": "CON Zuni 005", "lines": [ [ 75895, 75466, 76035, 76716, 77276, 77923, 78256 ] ], "certainty": "The line figure is uncertain. It is identified by the source as the IAU CrB, but the name is not explained: there is no red star in this star group. This line figure is the Western one.", "description": null, "semantics": [ "abstract" ] }, { "con": "Zuni", "con_id": "CON Zuni 006", "lines": [ [ 676, 113521, 113603, 1065, 676 ] ], "certainty": "It is identified by the source as the Western asterism Great Square of Pegasus, but without lines. A simple polygon is drawn here.", "description": null, "semantics": [ "group", "geometric" ] }, { "con": "Zuni", "con_id": "CON Zuni 007", "lines": [ [ 101767, 100128, 95648, 90979, 96858, 101767 ] ], "certainty": "Little of this constellation has been identified in John P. Harrington's notes. Later researchers have made this tentative identification. They suggest that the 5 stars at the heart of the Chief are Vega (alf Lyr), Deneb (alf Cyg), and other stars in Cyg. Fig. 10.7 in [miller1997stars] shows a triangle, not 5 stars. The 5 stars here are the closest large Cyg stars.", "description": "In unpublished field notes (1929), the linguist and ethnologist John P. Harrington describes a sky-wide constellation called Chief of the Night. This is described as 'the most majestic constellation ever reported from any tribe of Indians. It is a gigantic human figure, bigger than the whole visible sky. Some part of the body of the Chief of the Night is perpetually visible, guarding the earth throughout the year'.", "semantics": [ "body part" ] }, { "con": "Zuni", "con_id": "CON Zuni 008", "lines": [ [ 69451, 65269, 80519 ] ], "certainty": "Little of this constellation has been identified in John P. Harrington's notes. Later researchers have made this tentative identification. The hand of the left arm is unidentified stars in IAU Sgr, with 8 stars shown but not identified nor connected in Fig. 10.7 of [miller1997stars], so the hand remains missing from this line figure.", "description": "In unpublished field notes (1929), the linguist and ethnologist John P. Harrington describes a sky-wide constellation called Chief of the Night. This is described as 'the most majestic constellation ever reported from any tribe of Indians. It is a gigantic human figure, bigger than the whole visible sky. Some part of the body of the Chief of the Night is perpetually visible, guarding the earth throughout the year'. Of this left arm, the shoulder is Arcturus (alf Boo), the elbow is Spica (alf Vir), and the forearm is Antares (alf Sco).", "semantics": [ "body part" ] }, { "con": "Zuni", "con_id": "CON Zuni 009", "lines": [ [ 26662, 26246, 25865 ] ], "certainty": "Little of this constellation has been identified in John P. Harrington's notes. Later researchers have made this tentative identification. This right arm should include a 4th faint star beside Orion's belt and probably in a line with the belt; this is not identified, so none is included here.", "description": "In unpublished field notes (1929), the linguist and ethnologist John P. Harrington describes a sky-wide constellation called Chief of the Night. This is described as 'the most majestic constellation ever reported from any tribe of Indians. It is a gigantic human figure, bigger than the whole visible sky. Some part of the body of the Chief of the Night is perpetually visible, guarding the earth throughout the year'.", "semantics": [ "body part" ] } ]